Morphology Of The Flower Part 2

1. Types of flowersTypes of flowers
Part 2Part 2

2. According to corolla According to corolla
SymmetrySymmetry
1.Sympetalous –
when petals are
joined partly or wholly
flower has connate
petals.
In such a corolla,
one can distinguish
different parts:
- the floral tube,
- the throat, and
- the lobes

3. 2.Polypetalous2.Polypetalous
- The petals - The petals
are not joinedare not joined

4. 3. Actinomorphic (corolla)3. Actinomorphic (corolla)
This flower of is actinomorphic (regular). This
means that the flower has a radial symmetry — it
can be divided into two equal halves by two or
more planes (5 here, shown by the yellow lines).
These are further classified as funnel shaped,
tubular shaped and
campanulate (narrower than tubular, a bell like
shape).
 Examples of families: Poppy family, cruciform
and rose family are few notable examples of
actinomorphic morphology.

5. Crassula argentea

6. Here is another example of actinomorphic flower. In
this case the floral parts are numerous. This
example is a water lily (Nymphaea cultivar).

7. 4. Zygomorphic 4. Zygomorphic
(irregular) flower(irregular) flower
has a bilateral
symmetry — it
can be divided in
two equal halves
by only one
plane, as shown
by the red line
passing through
this flower of
Viola tricolor

8. Orchids have zygomorphic flowers. Here again, the
flower can be cut into two symmetrical halves by only
one plane, along the red line.

9. Perianth shape (usually applied to Perianth shape (usually applied to
corolla, but may be applied to calyx)corolla, but may be applied to calyx)
1.1.Rotate Rotate
- shallow - shallow
and and
relatively relatively
flat or dish-flat or dish-
shaped shaped

10. 2. bilabiate2. bilabiate
 (means "two-lipped") corolla is a
zygomorphic, sympetalous corolla
with the limb divided into two lips.
Lamium
purpureum

11. 3. Stellate3. Stellate
= star-shaped (this is not as commonly = star-shaped (this is not as commonly
used as some other terms)used as some other terms)
Allium ursinum

12. 4. 4. UrceolateUrceolate
= urn-shaped; somewhat flared out or inflated = urn-shaped; somewhat flared out or inflated
and then narrowed at the opening and then narrowed at the opening

13. 5. 5. CampanulateCampanulate
= bell-shaped, with = bell-shaped, with
the segments gently the segments gently
flaringflaring

14. 6. 6. Tubular
= parts fused into a usually slender, uniform = parts fused into a usually slender, uniform
tube, usually with the tube, usually with the
free tips proportionately small and/or
only slightly spreading
Cuphea ignea

15. free tips proportionately small

16. only slightly spreading

17. 7. 7. FunnelformFunnelform
= with parts fused into a tube that = with parts fused into a tube that
widens gradually from base to tipwidens gradually from base to tip

18. 8. 8. Salverform
= with a narrow with a narrow
tube and an tube and an
abruptly abruptly
expanded, expanded,
spreading spreading
portion which is portion which is
often called the often called the
limb. limb.

20. 9. 9. Geniculate
= with an = with an
"elbow" or "elbow" or
bend where the bend where the
perianth perianth
changes changes
direction direction
suddenly suddenly

21. 10. 10. Papilionaceous
= from the French
word for "butterfly."
Applied to members of
the Fabaceae in which
the flower has one
large petal, the banner
or standard, two
similar side petals
called wings, and two
folded or usually
fused-together lower
petals called the keel.

23. 11. 11. Spurred
= with a spur-- a
hollow, usually nectar-
bearing, backward or
downward extension
of a sepal or petal. A
flower may have
more than one. Spurs
may be short as in
Viola (spur is at the
top of the flower,
behind the pedicel)

24. More than one More than one

25. 12. 12. Ligulate or Ray
= zygomorphic and = zygomorphic and
with all the petals pulled with all the petals pulled
to one side into a flat, to one side into a flat,
strap-like structure. strap-like structure.
Typical of the sunflower Typical of the sunflower
family, e.g., the "petals" family, e.g., the "petals"
of a of a daisydaisy

27. Placentation Types Placentation Types
Placentation refers to the pattern of Placentation refers to the pattern of
attachment of ovules within the attachment of ovules within the
ovary.ovary.

28. 1. 1. MarginalMarginal
ovules arranged along
the suture of a single,
simple pistil (cross-
section)
In monocarpous and
apocarpous gynoecia
(i.e. carpels distinct), the
ovules are arranged
along the suture of the
carpel.
There is one locule per
carpel, no septum (see
definition on next slide).
This is called marginal
placentation. .

29. 2. 2. AxileAxile
a separate locule for each carpel and the a separate locule for each carpel and the
ovules attached to placentae in the middle ovules attached to placentae in the middle
where the septa come together (cross-section) where the septa come together (cross-section)
In a syncarpous gynoecium, there can be one In a syncarpous gynoecium, there can be one
or more locules, and various possible types of or more locules, and various possible types of
placentation. This can be observed on cross- placentation. This can be observed on cross-
and lateral sections of the ovary. and lateral sections of the ovary.
A A septumseptum (= "wall") is an interior wall which (= "wall") is an interior wall which
separates the locules when two or more separates the locules when two or more
chambers occur. The presence of septa is chambers occur. The presence of septa is
characteristic of characteristic of axile placentation.axile placentation.

32. 3. 3. ParietalParietal
= ovules attached to the wall of a = ovules attached to the wall of a
unilocular ovary (cross-section unilocular ovary (cross-section
there is no septum, so that the ovary is there is no septum, so that the ovary is
unilocular. The ovules are borne on the unilocular. The ovules are borne on the
inner surface of the ovary walls (or inner surface of the ovary walls (or
extensions of the walls). extensions of the walls).

34. 4. 4. Free-centralFree-central
= ovules attached to a peg or stalk that = ovules attached to a peg or stalk that
arises from the ovary floor but which arises from the ovary floor but which
does not reach the roof; ovules usually does not reach the roof; ovules usually
few to many (long-section) few to many (long-section)

37. 5. 5. BasalBasal
= ovules attached to the floor of the ovary = ovules attached to the floor of the ovary
(long-section) (long-section)

38. one or more ovules are attached to the bottom of the
ovary. This situation is found for example in some
Portulacaceae like Portulaca (photo on the left; the
yellow arrow is pointing to the ovules) or in Talinum
(close up on the right; the black arrow is pointing to
the placenta). The ovary is unilocular.

39. 6. 6. Apical placentationApical placentation: one or more : one or more
ovules are attached at the top of the ovules are attached at the top of the
ovary. The ovary is unilocular ovary. The ovary is unilocular

40. The endThe end