Mughal Architecture [fort, mosque[masjid], tomb

contains information on Mughal Architecture of fort, tomb and mosque[masjid], the history of some building, a chart of Mughal ruler.

3. Important mosque In IndIa by
mughals
badshahI masjId, Fatehpur sIkrIbadshahI masjId, Fatehpur sIkrI
jama masjId, delhI
gyanvapI mosque, varanasI, up
babrI masjId, FaIzabad, up
motI masjId, delhI

4. badshahI masjId, Fatehpur sIkrIbadshahI masjId, Fatehpur sIkrI
The Badshahi Masjid is the largest and most
impressive mosque built during Akbar’s reign, and
its central court is dominated to the south by the
Buland Darwaza.
The materials used are the same which dominated
much of Akbar’s reign, a preponderance of
sandstone with marble filigree and detailing. The
prayer hall to the west is a departure from the free-
standing Afghan mosque halls like Jamali-Kamali
near the Qutb, or the Qila-i-Kuhna at the Purana
Qila, and is instead integrated into the pillared
cloisters. - See more at:
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5. jama masjId, delhI
It was built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan between 1644
and 1656 at a cost of 1 million rupees,
 The mosque was completed in 1656 AD with three great
gates, four towers and two 40 m high minarets constructed
of strips of red sandstone and white marble. The courtyard
can accommodate more than 25,000 persons. There are
three domes on the terrace which are surrounded by the two
minarets. On the floor, a total of 899 black borders are
marked for worshippers. The architectural plan is similar to
that of Badshahi Masjid, built by Shah Jahan's son
Aurangzeb at Lahore, Pakistan.

6. The mosque has three great gates, four towers and two 40 m
high minarets constructed of strips of red sandstone and white marble.
 The northern gate has 39 steps and the southern side has 33 steps. The
eastern gate was the rural entrance and it has 35 steps
 The northern gate has 39 steps and the southern side has 33 steps. The
eastern gate was the rural entrance and it has 35 steps
 The mosque is built on a red sandstone porch, which is about 30 feet (9.1 m)
from ground level and spreads over 1200 square meter. The dome is flanked
by two lofty minarets which are 130 feet (40 m) high and consists of 130 steps,
longitudinally striped by marble and red sandstone. The minarets consists of
five storeys, each with a protruding balcony. The adjoining edifices are filled
with calligraphy. The first three storeys of the minarets is made of red
sandstone, the fourth of marble and the fifth of sandstone.
The courtyard can accommodate 25,000 worshippers and occupies 408
square feet.
jama masjId, delhI
Inlay detail of interior arches

7. Gyanvapi Mosque, varanasi, up
The mosque was built by the sixth Mughal
emperor Aurangzeb in the year 1664 by
demolishing the Kashi Vishwanath Temple
The façade is modeled partially on the Taj Mahal's
entrance.
[3]
The mosque features 71m high
minarets.

8. BaBri Masjid, FaizaBad, up
The mosque was constructed in 1527 on the orders
of Babur, the first Mughal emperor of India, and was
named after him.
The architecture of the mosque is completely a replica
of the mosques in the Delhi Sultanate. Babri was an
important mosque of a distinct style, preserved mainly
in architecture, developed after the Delhi Sultanate was
establisrasbari Mosque in the Southern suburb of the
walled city of Gaur, and the Jamali Kamili Mosque built
by Sher Shah Suri. This was the forerunner of the Indo
Islamic style adopted by Akbar.

9. Moti Masjid, delhi
The mosque was built by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb at
the Red Fort complex in Delhi, India, from 1659-1660 for
his personal use. The mosque was also used by the ladies
of the Zenana. The mosque was constructed at a cost of
Rs. 160,00
The prayer hall has three arches, and it is divided into two
aisles.

It is surmounted with three bulbous domes, which
were originally covered in gilded copper.
The mosque is plastered in white on the outside. Inside is
the white marble courtyard and a prayer hall, which stands
on a higher level than the courtyard. The floor of the prayer-
hall is inlaid with outlines of small carpets for prayers
(musalla) in black marble. In the middle of the courtyard is
a small, square ablution fountain. The courtyard measures
40 x 35 feet.

10. iMportant toMBs By MuGhals

11. huMayun’s toMB
The tomb of Humayun was built by the orders of Bega
Begum (also known as Haji Begum), Humayun's first
wife and chief consort, and begun in 1565, nine years
after his death, and completed in 1572 AD at a cost of
1.5 million rupees at the time
Mughal Emperor, Humayun r.
1508 - 1556

12. huMayun’s toMB
The tomb architecture is also another feature of the Islamic
architecture as the practice of the burial of the dead is adopted. The
general pattern of the tomb architecture is consisted of a domed
chamber (hujra), a cenotaph in its centre with a mihrab on the western
wall and the real grave in the underground chamber. To this general
tomb architecture, the Mughals added a new dimension by introducing
gardens all around the tomb. The Mughal tombs are generally placed
at the centre of a huge garden complex, the latter being sub-divided
into square compartments, the style is known as char-bagh. The
Mughals also built large gardens in various levels and terraces on the
char-bagh pattern. Scholars trace the evolution of the char-bagh
pattern of gardening to the original land of the Mughals, the Kabul
Valley, where depending upon the landscape and terrain, gardens and
residential complexes were laid out. The Mughals inherited this garden
type and superbly transformed it according to the new terrains in India.
Thus, evolved a transformed style of char-bagh pattern of gardening.
Details of geometrical sandstone and marble  pietre
dura inlay patterns over the entrance iwan or high arc,
and thechhatris and small minarets that surround the
white marble central dome.
The exterior arch of
Humayun's Tomb,
showing niches on
two levels.

13.  Tomb of Jahangir  
 The tomb is located at Shahdara, Lahore.
It took ten years to built the tomb and costed Rs 10 lakh. The construction started in 1627 
and ended in 1637.
The entrance to the mausoleum is through two massive gateways of stone and masonry 
opposite each other (to the north and south) which lead to a square enclosure known as 
the Akbari Serai. This enclosure leads to another one, on the Western side, giving full view 
of the garden in front of the mausoleum, which is traversed by four bricked canals 
proceeding from the center, and in which many fountains were placed which are now 
ruined. The corridor around the mausoleum is adorned with a very elegant mosaic, 
representing flowers and verses from the Quran.
The mausoleum is a building with one floor. The ground floor has a square shape. Its 
structure consists of a platform with a tall, octagonal tower and a projecting entrance in the 
middle of each side. The exterior of the mausoleum, including the lowest stage of the 
towers, is clad with red sandstone facing with rich panel decoration inlaid with marble 
decorative motifs. The four corners of the tower, with the white marble cupolas, rise in five 
stages to a height of 100 feet (30m) with a zigzag inlay of white and yellow marble. The 
building is divided into a series of vaulted compartments. The interior is embellished with 
floral frescoes with delicate inlay work and marble of various colours.
Inside the mausoleum is the white marble cenotaph with its delicate and colourful  pietra 
dura flowers.
The interior of the mausoleum is an elevated sarcophagus of white marble,

14. forTs made by mughals

15. red forT, agra
Agra Fort was originally a brick fort known as Badalgarh, held by Raja Badal 
Singh Hindu Sikarwar Rajput king (c. 1475). It was mentioned for the first time in 1080 
AD when a Ghaznavide force captured it. Sikandar Lodi (1488–1517) was the first 
Sultan of Delhi who shifted to Agra and lived in the fort. He governed the country from 
here and Agra assumed the importance of the second capital. He died in the fort at 
1517 and his son, Ibrahim Lodi, held it for nine years until he was defeated and killed 
at Panipat in 1526. Several palaces, wells and a mosque were built by him in the fort 
during his period.
After the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, Mughals captured the fort and seized a vast 
treasure, including the diamond later known as the Koh-i-Noor. The 
victorious Babur stayed in the fort in the palace of Ibrahim and built a baoli (step well) in 
it. The emperor Humayun was crowned here in 1530. Humayun was defeated 
at Bilgram in 1540 by Sher Shah. The fort remained with Suris till 1555, when 
Humanyun recaptured it. The Hindu king Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, also called 
'Hemu', defeated Humanyun's army, led by Iskandar Khan Uzbek, and won Agra. Hemu 
got a huge booty from this fort and went on to capture Delhi from the Mughals. The 
Mughals under Akbar defeated King Hemu finally at the Second Battle of Panipat in 
1556.
Realizing the importance of its central situation, Akbar made it his capital and arrived in 
Agra in 1558. It was in a ruined condition and Akbar had it rebuilt with red sandstone 
from Barauli area in Rajasthan. Architects laid the foundation and it was built with bricks 
in the inner core with sandstone on external surfaces. Some 4,000 builders worked on 
it daily for eight years, completing it in 1573.

17. The 380,000 m
2
 (94-acre) fort has a semicircular plan, its chord lies parallel to the river and its walls are seventy feet 
high. Double ramparts have massive circular bastions at intervals, with battlements, embrasures, machicolations and 
string courses. Four gates were provided on its four sides, one Khizri gate opening on to the river.
 In its plan, it forms an irregular semicircle. The fort is fortified by a 2.4 km long and 21 metres high wall made of red 
sandstone. The well-shaped stones are linked by iron rings. It has two big ornamental gateways, one each on its 
southern and western sides. There is a moat filled with water around the fort in order to ward off enemies. 
The arched entrance is flanked by two huge bastions (projecting part of a fort) projecting from the wall. The whole 
gateway is decorated with patterns in white marble inlay-as well as in coloured glaze. Such decorative art has 
representations of winged dragons, elephants and birds. These representations of living beings in art are alien to Islamic 
tradition and are not found in any Islamic building in India. 
Agra Fort has some important monuments which were added later by Emperor Shah Jahan. The prominent among them 
are Khas Mahal, Diwan-i-Am and Moti Masjid. These differ from the buildings of Akbar as these were executed in marble 
as against the red sandstone used in Akbar's time. 
These monuments introduced two innovations: 
(a) Decorative art representing living beings such as dragons, elephants and birds. Earlier art had decorated pattems, 
calligraphy etc. 
(b) Marble was used by Shah Jahan for building Khas Mahal, Moti Masjid etc. 

18. red forT, delhi
The Red Fort was the residence of the Mughal emperor of India for nearly 
200 years, until 1857. It is located in the centre of Delhi and houses a number 
of museums. In addition to accommodating the emperors and their 
households, it was the ceremonial and political centre of Mughal government 
and the setting for events critically impacting the region.
Constructed in 1648 by the fifth Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan as the palace 
of his fortified capital Shahjahanabad, the Red Fort is named for its massive 
enclosing walls of red sandstone and is adjacent to the older Salimgarh Fort, 
built by Islam Shah Suri in 1546. The imperial apartments consist of a row of 
pavilions, connected by a water channel known as the Stream of Paradise 
(Nahr-i-Behisht). The fort complex is considered to represent the zenith of 
Mughal creativity under Shah Jahan and although the palace was planned 
according to Islamic prototypes, each pavilion contains architectural elements 
typical of Mughal buildings that reflect a fusion 
of Timurid, Persian and Hindu traditions. The Red Fort’s innovative 
architectural style, including its garden design, influenced later buildings and 
gardens in Delhi, Rajasthan, Punjab, Kashmir, Braj, Rohilkhand and 
elsewhere.

19. The Red Fort has an area of 254.67 acres (103.06 ha) enclosed by 2.41 kilometres
(1.50 mi) of defensive walls, punctuated by turrets and bastions and varying in height
from 18 metres (59 ft) on the river side to 33 metres (108 ft) on the city side. The fort is
octagonal, with the north-south axis longer than the east-west axis. The marble, floral
decorations and double domes in the fort's buildings exemplify later Mughal
architecture.
It showcases a high level of ornamentation, and the Kohinoor diamond was reportedly
part of the furnishings. The fort's artwork synthesises Persian, European and Indian art,
resulting in a unique Shahjahani style rich in form, expression and colour. Red Fort is one
of the building complexes of India encapsulating a long period of history and its arts.
Even before its 1913 commemoration as a monument of national importance, efforts
were made to preserve it for posterity.

20. RefeRence
http://www.boloji.com
wikipedia.org
indiansaga.com

21. foR moRe info visit :
Curatorhall.wordpress.com

22. tHAnK YoU