Multiprocessing, difference, advantages and disadvantages

Interconnection of two or more CPUs with memory and input-output equipment.
The term “processor” in multiprocessor can mean either a central processing unit (CPU) or an input-output processor (IOP).
The components that forms multiprocessor are CPUs , IOPs connected to input output devices, and memory unit.
More than one processor with common memory, shared between processors.
Multiprocessors are classified as multiple instruction stream, multiple data stream (MIMD) systems.

1. Multiprocessing Presented By: Aamir Department Of Information Technology

2. Contents Introduction Difference between multiprocessor & multicomputer Classification Advantages Disadvantages 2

3. Introduction Interconnection of two or more CPUs with memory and input-output equipment. The term “processor” in multiprocessor can mean either a central processing unit (CPU) or an input-output processor (IOP). The components that forms multiprocessor are CPUs , IOPs connected to input output devices, and memory unit. More than one processor with common memory, shared between processors. Multiprocessors are classified as multiple instruction stream, multiple data stream (MIMD) systems. 3

4. 4 An Image Demonstrating The Multiprocessor Architecture

5. Difference Between Multiprocessor And Multicomputer 5 Multiprocessor Multicomputer Multiple processors within a single computer. An interlinked multiple autonomous computer. Singly shared memory Distributed memory. Necessary for the processing elements to communicate with each other. Not required for elements being processed to communicate. Dynamic network. Static network. Example of multiprocessor is a sequent symmetry S-81. Example of a multicomputer is a message passing multicomputer.

6. Multiprocessor are classified by the way their memory is organized . Shared-memory or tightly coupled multiprocessor. Distributed-memory or loosely coupled multiprocessor. How multiprocessor are classified? 6

7. tightly coupled multiprocessor. Shared memory A global common memory that all CPUs can access Data rate is high Modules are connected through PMIN, (processor to memory inter connection network), IOPIN (input output IN), and ISIN networks (interrupt signal inter connection network) 7

8. 8 Continue… fig: Tightly coupled system

9. loosely coupled system Distributed memory Data rate is low Modules are connected through MTS (Message transfer system) network. 9

10. 10 Continue…

11. 11 S.NO Loosely Coupled Tightly Coupled 1. distributed memory shared memory 2. Low data rate. high data rate. 3. Less costly. more costly. 4. modules are connected through  Message transfer system  network. While there is PMIN, IOPIN and ISIN networks. 5. Memory conflicts don’t take place. have memory conflicts. 6. low degree of interaction between tasks. high degree of interaction between tasks. 7. direct connection between processor and I/O devices. IOPIN helps connection between processor and I/O devices. 8. Applications are in distributed computing systems. Applications are in parallel processing systems.

12. High Throughput parallel processing Less electricity usage High Reliability  Economic ADVANTAGES 12

13. Disadvantages Communication More memory required  Deadlock Performance Expensive 13

14. References https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-of-multiprocessor-and-multicomputer/ https://www.tutorialspoint.com/what-is-multiprocessor#:~:text=Computer%20ArchitectureComputer%20ScienceNetwork,known%20as%20a%20multiprocessing%20system .  William Stallings, Computer Organization and Architecture, Pearson, 9th Ed

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