Muscle and Joint Lab.pptx upper extremity

Muscle and Joint Lab

1. Muscle & Joint Lab Model of the Arm

2. Muscle & Joint Lab Problem: What is the effect of tendon location on the range of movement of a hinge joint?

3. Muscle & Joint Lab Gather Information: There are three main body parts responsible for moving bones: ligaments, tendons, and muscles. Ligaments are strong, elastic bands of tissue that connect bones together. Tendons are special cords made of tough tissue that attach muscles to bones. Muscles move the bones. These muscles are either attached directly to the bones or by way of tendons. Muscles make the joints move by contracting or becoming shorter and pulling two bones closer together. Muscles can only move in one direction. They can only pull, not push. For this reason, muscles must work in pairs. One muscle or group of muscles will bend one part of a joint (flexor) while a different muscle or muscle group will pull it back to its original position (extensor). The place where the muscle is attached to the bone affects the amount of movement the bone can make. There are many muscles for every bone. The movement of a muscle and joint is comparable to a simple machine; for example, the arm is like a lever. The place where two bones meet is called a joint. Some joints can move, while others do not. Joints that do not move are called fixed joints. Your skull has fixed joints. Moving joints allow you to move your body to walk, eat, and play video games. Some joints move a lot while other joints move very little. Joints in your spine have very minimal movement. Joints in your arms and legs have a broader range of motion. There are four basic joints in the body, ball and socket, hinge, gliding and pivot. Hinge joints in your elbows and knees allow you to bend and straighten your arms and legs. These joints are similar to the hinges on a door. Most doors open only in one direction. It is the same with your arms and legs. They can only move in one direction. There are smaller hinge type joints in your fingers and toes. This lab will investigate how motion of hinge joints are affected by the location of tendons along a bone.

4. Muscle & Joint Lab Hypothesis: If a greater range of motion is desired at a joint, the tendon should attach closer to/further away from the joint. (highlight one of the underlined choices)

5. Muscle & Joint Lab Procedure: Use the apparatus shown in the picture (on the next slide)to set up a model of the arm. Position the arm model in an “L” shape. Hook the paper clip (or tie a knot in the string) through the farthest hole from the joint in the ruler resting on the table. Thread the free end of the string through the top hole of the vertical ruler/popsicle stick. Slowly pull 5 cm of string through the hole in the vertical ruler. This should raise the horizontal ruler off the flat surface of the table. Record the distance between the tip of the bottom ruler and the table. Ask a friend to place a protractor on the table, lining up the center of the protractor with the hinge joint (brad). Measure the angle of the lifted arm and record this on the chart. Return the arm model to the “L” position. Move the paper clip to the middle hole of the horizontal ruler. Repeat steps 4-9 with both the middle hole and the hole closest to the joint on the horizontal ruler. Record both the height off the table and the angle the arm was lifted.

6. Muscle & Joint Lab

7. Muscle & Joint Lab Fill in this data table. When you have completed it, drag this slide to be slide 1 and submit this assignment in Schoology. Ruler Position Distance ruler is raised from the table (cm) Angle ruler is raised from the table (degrees) Position 1: Farthest hole from the “joint” Position 2: Hole in the middle Position 3: Closest hole to the “joint”

8. Student Sample Data to be used if a student misses a lab: