Muscle_Remodeling_MBBS_5th_Year free.pptx

Muscle remodeling for MBBS students

1. Title Slide Muscle Remodeling Structural, Functional, and Molecular Adaptations Presenter Name Institution

2. Introduction Define muscle remodeling Importance in health, exercise, disease, and aging

3. Overview of Skeletal Muscle Structure Muscle fiber types (Type I, Type IIa, Type IIb) Sarcomere structure Satellite cells and ECM

4. Muscle Growth vs. Remodeling Distinguish between hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and remodeling Remodeling involves structural and molecular adaptations

5. Triggers of Muscle Remodeling Mechanical stress (exercise) Neural input Injury Hormonal signals

6. Role of Satellite Cells Activation, proliferation, and differentiation Fusion to existing fibers or forming new fibers

7. Inflammatory Response Initial damage and infiltration of immune cells Cytokines and growth factors

8. Myogenesis Myoblast activation Role of MyoD, Myf5, and Myogenin

9. Role of Growth Factors IGF-1, FGF, TGF-β, and HGF Effects on proliferation and differentiation

10. Angiogenesis in Muscle Remodeling VEGF and capillary growth Role in oxygen delivery and metabolic adaptation

11. Remodeling Through Exercise Resistance vs. endurance training Differences in hypertrophy and mitochondrial adaptation

12. Muscle Remodeling in Aging (Sarcopenia) Decreased regeneration capacity Atrophy of Type II fibers Increased fibrosis

13. Muscle Remodeling in Disease Muscular dystrophies Cachexia Denervation and reinnervation

14. Role of Myostatin Negative regulator of muscle growth Inhibition leads to hypertrophy

15. Role of mTOR Pathway Integration of mechanical and nutrient signals Promotes protein synthesis

16. Role of AMPK Pathway Energy sensor Promotes mitochondrial biogenesis

17. Protein Turnover in Remodeling Balance of synthesis and degradation Ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy pathways

18. ECM Remodeling Collagen synthesis and degradation Role in force transmission and repair

19. Neuromuscular Junction Remodeling Synaptic plasticity Denervation and reinnervation mechanisms

20. Muscle Remodeling After Injury Phases: degeneration, inflammation, regeneration, remodeling

21. Mechanical Load and Muscle Adaptation Load-induced gene expression Mechanotransduction pathways

22. Hormonal Influence Testosterone, cortisol, estrogen Effects on remodeling and recovery

23. Nutritional Influence on Muscle Remodeling Role of protein, amino acids (leucine), and vitamins

24. Mitochondrial Remodeling Biogenesis and dynamics (fusion/fission) Endurance adaptation

25. Redox Signaling and ROS Dual role in signaling and damage Role in adaptation

26. Epigenetic Regulation Histone modification, DNA methylation Muscle memory

27. MicroRNAs in Muscle Remodeling miR-1, miR-133, miR-206 Regulation of myogenesis

28. Muscle Plasticity Ability to switch fiber types Adaptation to environment and activity

29. Muscle Atrophy Mechanisms Disuse, unloading, and denervation Proteolytic pathway activation

30. Therapies to Promote Remodeling Physical therapy, electrical stimulation Pharmacological approaches

31. Muscle Remodeling in Sports and Athletes Periodization Overtraining vs. recovery

32. Role of Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Recovery, hormone secretion Gene expression regulation

33. Clinical Relevance Rehabilitation Spaceflight Chronic disease management

34. Future Directions in Muscle Remodeling Research Gene editing Stem cell therapy Biomaterials for regeneration

35. References and Acknowledgments Key references Acknowledgments to mentors, labs, institutions