Muscular System Anatomy Presentation in a Blue Yellow Red Bold Style_20241014_130025_0000.pptx

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1. The Muscular System

2. Identify the different muscle types in the body. Learning Points Label and describe the functions of the main muscles. Explain the types of muscle contraction and define antagonistic pairs.

3. What is the muscular system? The muscular system is an organ system in the body. It consists of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle. Its role is to help the body to move, maintain posture and circulate blood through the body.

4. Muscle types Smooth muscle –an involuntary muscle found in the internal organs and blood vessels Cardiac muscle – an involuntary muscle found only in the heart Skeletal muscle – a voluntary muscle attached to the skeleton Involuntary muscles are muscles which are not under our conscious control. Voluntary muscles are muscles which are under our conscious control, so we can move these muscles when we choose to.

5. Types of skeletal muscle Type I - red muscle which produces a small amount of force, contracts slowly and resists fatigue well Type IIa - pink muscle which produces a medium amount of force, contracts quickly and has a medium resistance to fatigue Type IIx - white muscle which produces a large amount of force, contracts very quickly but fatigues quickly

6. Let’s look at the main muscles in the body . . .

7. The deltoid is responsible for the abduction of the shoulder (moving the arm out and away from the body). Deltoid

8. The pectoralis major is responsible for the adduction of the shoulder (moving the arm towards the body) and the shoulder horizontal flexion (moving the arm forwards in front of the body). Pectoralis major

9. Biceps are responsible for flexing the elbow (bending the arm). Bicep

10. The external obliques are responsible for trunk rotation (twisting the body). External obliques

11. The hip flexors are responsible for hip flexion (moving the knee up to the chest). Hip flexors

12. The quadriceps are responsible for extending the knee (straightening it). Quadriceps

13. The tibialis anterior is responsible for dorsiflexion of the ankle (bringing the toes up in the direction of the shin). Tibialis anterior

14. Triceps are responsible for extending the elbow (straightening it). Triceps

15. The Latissimus dorsi are responsible for shoulder adduction (moving the arm towards the body) . Latissimus dorsi

16. The gluteus maximus is responsible for hip extension (moving the leg backwards). Gluteus maximus

17. The hamstrings are responsible for flexing the knee (bending the leg). Hamstrings

18. The gastrocnemius is responsible for plantar flexion of the ankle (pointing the toes downwards). Gastrocnemius

19. Types of muscle contraction Isotonic contractions- this includes concentric contraction, where the muscle shortens and fattens, as well as eccentric contraction where the muscle lengthens and flattens. Isometric contraction – this involves a muscle staying the same length despite building tension. This occurs when the body remains in one position.

20. Antagonistic pairs Antagonistic pairs are pairs of muscles which work together by one contracting (shortening) and one relaxing (lengthening). The contracting muscle is an agonist and the relaxing muscle is an antagonist.

21. The Muscular System