MUSCULAR SYSTEM AND FUNCTIONS P5.pptx

It's about muscular system

1. Muscular System Primary 5 GCSCC

2. Introduction: Over 600 muscles make up the muscular system

3. Muscles are made of bundles of muscle fibers that are held together by connective tissue.

4. Properties (Characteristics) of Muscles Excitability or irritability: ability to respond to a stimulus such as a nerve impulse.

5. Contractibility When muscle fibers are stimulated by nerves, they contract or become short and thick. This causes movement.

6. Extensibility: ability to be stretched

7. Elasticity: allows the muscle to return to its original shape after it has contracted or stretched.

8. Three Main Types of Muscle Tissue:

9. Cardiac Form walls of heart Contract to circulate blood Involuntary: function without conscious thought or control

10. Visceral (Smooth) Found in the internal organs of the body such as the digestive system, respiratory system, blood vessels, and eyes. Contract to cause movement in these systems Involuntary: function without conscious thought or control

11. Skeletal Attached to bones Cause body movement Voluntary: person has control over their action  

12. Functions of Skeletal Muscle: Attach to bones to provide voluntary movement Produce heat and energy Help maintain posture Protect internal organs  

13. Methods of Attachment to Bones: Tendon Strong, tough connective tissue cord Example: Achilles tendon which attaches the gastrocnemius muscle on the calf of the leg to the heel bone.

14. Fascia Tough, sheetlike membrane Covers and protects tissue Example: lumbodorsal fascia which surrounds the deep muscles of the trunk and back

15. Origin and Insertion When muscles attach to bones, one end becomes the origin and one end the insertion Origin: end that does not move Insertion: end that moves when muscle contracts

16. Movements of Muscles: Adduction : moving body part toward the midline Abduction: moving body part away from midline

17. Flexion: decreasing the angle between two bones or bending a body part Extension: increasing the angle between two bones or straightening a body part

18. Rotation: turning a body part around its own axis; turning the head from side to side Circumduction: Moving in a circle at a joint; Example – swinging the arm in a circle with the trunk flexed forward at the waist.  

19. Dorsiflexion: Turn your foot or toes upward. Plantar Flexion: Toe-down motion of the foot at the ankle

20. Muscle Tone: Muscles are partially contracted at all times even though they may not be in use. This state of partial contraction is known as muscle tone. Also described as a state of readiness to act.

21. Loss of muscle tone Can occur in severe illness such as paralysis When muscles are not used for a long period of time, they can atrophy or waste away Lack of use can result in a contracture Severe tightening of a flexor muscle Results in bending of a joint Foot drop is a common contracture Many joints such as fingers, wrists, and knees can be affected.

22. Increase in muscle tone Can occur with brain damage Resistance is felt in muscles; rocking motion can help to normalize tone