Musculoskeletal system-GALS screening.pptx

This presentation provides an overview of the GALS (Gait, Arms, Legs, and Spine) screening examination, a widely used assessment tool for identifying musculoskeletal disorders. The GALS screening is a simple, yet effective method for evaluating the musculoskeletal system, and is commonly used in clinical practice to detect a range of conditions, from mild sprains to more serious disorders such as arthritis and neurological diseases.

1. Musculoskeletal examination G.A.L.S

2. If answers to the following four questions are negative, a musculoskeletal disorder is unlikely: Do you have any pain or stiffness in your muscles, joints or back? Have you ever had gout or arthritis? Can you dress yourself completely without difficulty? Can you walk up and down stairs without difficulty? Positive answers imply the need for a more detailed assessment, as described in this chapter. Screening history

3. GAIT Watch the patient walking and turning back towards you. 2. Note the following normal characteristics: Symmetry Smooth movement Arm swing No pelvic tilt Normal stride length Ability to turn quickly Observe the patient standing in the anatomical position. Note the following from behind, from the side, and from the front: Muscle symmetry Limb alignment Spine alignment Abnormalities in the feet (e.g., pes planus or pes cavus)

4. Antalgic gait Hemiplegic gait/spastic gait

5. 4)Ataxic gait 3. Shuffling gait/Parkinsonian gait.

6. 5)Waddling gait(Trendelenburg) 6.Foot drop gait/High stepping gait.

7. Arms

8. LEGS Examine the lower limbs for swelling, deformities or limb shortening. Normal: no knee deformity, anterior or popliteal swelling, no muscle wasting, no hindfoot swelling or deformity Then, with the patient lying on a couch, continue the examination following the instructions in Table 15.3 (see Figs 15.10-15.14).

9. SPINE Inspect standing position. Normal on inspection:no scoliosis,symmeyrical paraspinsls,normal shoulder, gluteal muscle bulk &symmetry, level iliac crest,normal cervical and lumbar lordosis. Movement : Finger to floor distance less than 15cm. Lumbar expansion greater than 6cm. Ear touches acromion.

10. From behind: Look for abnormal spinal and paraspinal anatomy And look at the legs. From the side: look for abnormal spinal posture,then ask the patient to bend down and touch his toes. From the front-ask the patient to ‘put your ear on your left then right shoulder ’and watch the neck movements Gently press the mid-point of each supraspinatus muscle to elicit tenderness.

11. Prepared by Rana abdulla Final proff(2020-2025) Markaz unani medical college Reference: Hutchison's Clinical Methods: An Integrated Approach to Clinical Practice