musculoskeletal system introduction powerpoint timby.pptx

introduction to the musculoskeletal system

1. Timby’s Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing, 13e Chapter 60: Introduction to the Musculoskeletal System

2. Anatomy and Physiology #1 Bones There are 206 bones in the human body Classification: short bones, long bones, flat bones, and irregular bones

3. Anatomy and Physiology #1 Bones Two types of bony tissue Composition of bones Types of bone cells Bone marrow

4. Question #1 Is the following statement true or false? There are two types of bones in the body.

5. Answer to Question #1 False Rationale: Bones are classified as short bones, long bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. There are two types of bony tissue in the body.

6. Anatomy and Physiology #2 Muscles: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac Joints (see Box 60-2) The junction between two or more bones Free-moving or diarthrodial joints

7. Anatomy and Physiology #2 Tendons Cordlike structures that attach muscles to the periosteum of the bone Attachments of the muscle Origin and insertion

8. Question #2 Is the following statement true or false? Tendons attach bone-to-bone.

9. Answer to Question #2 False Rationale: Tendons are cordlike structures that attach muscles to the periosteum of the bone. Tendons connect muscles to their corresponding bone.

10. Anatomy and Physiology #3 Ligaments: fibrous tissue connecting two adjacent, freely movable bones Definition Structure/function Mechanics Healing

11. Anatomy and Physiology #3 Cartilage Firm, dense type of connective tissue Types: hyaline or articular, costal, semilunar, fibrous, and elastic

12. Anatomy and Physiology #3 Bursae Small sac filled with synovial fluid Reduces friction between areas

13. Question #3 Is the following statement true or false? Ligaments attach bone-to-bone.

14. Answer to Question #3 True Rationale: Ligaments attach bone-to-bone. The connection is of two adjacent, freely movable bones.

15. Assessment #1 History (see Table 60-2) Chronic disorder: medical, drug, allergy; familial; occupational Recent injury: occurrence of trauma Open injury Date of last tetanus immunization

16. Assessment #1 History (see Table 60-2) Compilation of list of symptoms Determining the effect of activity on symptoms

17. Assessment #2 Physical Examination Assessment: musculoskeletal (see Table 60-3) Motor skills; muscle strength, wasting Symmetry, size, ROM, alignment

18. Assessment #2 Physical Examination Assessment: musculoskeletal (see Table 60-3) Pain, tenderness; swelling; redness Spinal inspection: kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis Neurovascular: spasms, tremors

19. Assessment #3 Physical Examination—(cont.) Assessment: traumatic injury Vital signs; swelling; external bleeding, bruising; open wounds, debris, protrusion of bone or tissue Peripheral circulation, sensation; malalignment of the injured limb

20. Assessment #3 Physical Examination—(cont.) Assessment: traumatic injury Injury beyond the original area Pain: type and location

21. Assessment #4 Diagnostic Tests Imaging procedures Arthrogram Arthroscopy (see Nursing Guidelines 60-1) Arthrocentesis and synovial fluid analysis Bone densitometry

22. Assessment #4 Diagnostic Tests Imaging procedures Bone densitometry Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) Bone scan Electromyography Biopsy Blood and urine tests

23. Nursing Management Diagnostic Tests Diagnostic examination protocols Send specimens to the laboratory Ensure safe recovery after procedure

24. Nursing Management Nursing Process Assessment Diagnosis, planning, and interventions Client and Family Teaching 60-1 Evaluation