Mushroom technology

History,scope,importance of mushroom.

1. Mushroom cultivation... -By Remi yamacitha johnson, Ii nd biotechnology, Bon secours college for women.

2. About Mushroom... Mushroom is a fleshy fruiting body of a fungi, It contain a stalk and a umbrella cap. The cap like structure is known as pileus ,the stalk known as stipe which is attached to thread like structure called mycelia. The mycelia absorbs from soil and give raise to fruiting bodies.

3. Structure of mushroom...

4. History of mushroom cultivation... The first cultivation of mushroom-1638 to 1715 1800-horse-horse manure. Cultivation of mushrooms in western cultures first recorded in 1650. Agaricus bisporus was first species cultivated on compost.

5. Cont... Several species of mushroom cultivated on wood. In Asia, specifically China and Japan, it is not known when cultivation began. Today, Agaricus bisporus produced in greatest quality on global basis.

6. Scope of mushroom cultivation... Mushroom is the chief source of protein for vegetation. Almost edible mushroom are very rich source of protein and other essential amino acid. It is also has low fat and high carbohydrates. Growing health consciousness among the Indian increases the demand for mushroom constantly.

7. Cont... It is cultivated in indoor and space requirement is very less. Less time Less investment Suitable for landless farmers Significant role in forest economy-decomposes, dead plants, animals. Hence there is a lot of scope for mushroom cultivation in Indian and abroad.

8. Importance of mushroom cultivation... NUTRITIONAL VALUE: Protein very high. fibre-helps lower cholesterol. Copper-helps body to absorb O 2 and create red blood cells. Selenium –an antioxidant that helps neutralize free radicals, thus preventing cell damage and reducing the risk of cancer and other diseases. Low level of fat, calories, sodium.

9. MEDICINAL VALUE: Medicinal fungi have routinely been Used in traditional Chinese method. Today, an estimated 6% of edible Mushroom are known to have medicinal property And can be found in health tonics, tincture, tea, Soups and herbal formulas. eg :Letinula edodes {shiitake} and Volvariella volvacea {Chinese or straw mushroom}

10. VULNERABILITY TO POOR: Mushroom cultivation can help reduce vulnerability to poverty and strengthens livelihood through the generation of fast yielding and reliable source of income. Mushroom substrate can be prepared from any clean agricultural waste materials and mushrooms can be produced in temporary clean shelter.

11. USE OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE AS SUBSTRATE... Mushrooms are grown o some organic substrates, mostly waste materials from forms, plantations or factories. currently, millions of tons of agricultural wastes are discarded burned and neglected. In the process of mushroom growing, however, environmental pollution from such practice may be reduced. e.g. straw, corncobs, grass, saw dust, sugarcane bagasse, cotton waste, oil palm waste.

12. Present status of mushroom industry in india ... India is not major producer of any of the mushroom varieties, but it does cultivate mushroom and has great potential as an important producer in the future. From the production standpoint , the white button mushroom has the highest growth rate and potential for production.

13. Though India’s present share in the world population and trade of oyster mushroom is major, being only on estimated 2,000 tons ,the potential for the future is rated as high for a variety of reason. India has a very large availability of various types of raw materials such as Wheat straw, Paddy straw, Bagasse, Chicken manure, Gypsum, Tea-waste, De-oiled cakes and so forth in almost all regions and these materials are relatively inexpensive.

14. India has large number of agro-climatic regions That offer congenital climatic conditions for Mushroom cultivation. Wheat straw Tea waste Paddy straw Chicken manure De-oiled cake

15. Mushroom research and development... It is estimated that about 1.5 million species of Fungi inhabit earth out of which 1,40,000 species Are categorized as mushrooms. Among the 14,000 known mushroom species, 7,000 species are considered to have varying Degree of edibility and more than 3,000 species Of mushrooms of 31 genera are known to prime Edible mushrooms.

16. Cont... To date, 200 mushroom species are Experimentally grown, 100 species economically cultivated, 60 commercially cultivated, 10 have reached industry status, Further 2,000 mushroom species are regarded as medicinal mushrooms with a variety of health attributes.

17. National and international agencies... The directorate was established in 1983 as National Centre For Mushroom Research And Training. The three major mushroom producing countries As FAO data viz., China, USA, Netherland account For more than 60% of the world production. According to the current Indian estimates Mushroom production of India is about 1 lakh Metric tons ,which is about 3% of the world Mushroom production.

18. Thank you...