Naegleria Fowleri- The Brain Eating Amoeba

Student of Superior Science College Peshawar
Studied B.S (4 years) Zoology

Naegleria Fowleri is a Brain Eating Amoeba causes Naegleriasis. A Serious Infective disease in which a perosn brain cell being eating by this parasite and the person dies in almost 2 weeks/

1. Govt. Superior Science College Pesh . Topic Submitted to Presented by Roll no. Department of Naegleria Fowleri Prof. Saeed Ahmad Basit Z-23 Zoology

2. An amoeba , Single celled living organism. Only 1 species of Naegleria infects people: ( Naegleria fowleri) Heat loving organism , Grows best at temperatures up to 115 °F The thermo-tolerant free-living ameba Naegleria fowleri causing a fulminant (sudden and severe) brain infection called Naegleriasis or Primary amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a fatal disease . The amoeba was identified in the 1960s in Australia but appears to have evolved in the United States. Naegleria Fowleri "Brain-Eating Amoeba"

3. Naegleria Fowleri

4. Domain : Eukaryota Phylum: Percolozoa Class : Heterolobosea Order: Schizopyrenida Family: Vahlkampfiidae Genus: Naegleria Species: N . Fowleri Binomial name; Naegleria fowleri Scientific Classification

5. This microorganism is typically found in bodies of warm freshwater, such as ponds, lakes, rivers, and hot springs. It is also found in the soil near warm-water discharges of industrial plants, and in un-chlorinated or minimally-chlorinated swimming pools. It can be seen in either an amoeboid or temporary flagellate stage . Habitat

6. N. Fowleri occurs in three forms Cyst stage The cyst form is spherical and about 7-15 µm in diameter. They are smooth, and have a single-layered wall with a single nucleus. Cysts are naturally resistant to environmental factors, so as to increase the chances of survival until better conditions occur. Life cycle

7.   The Trophozoite is the feeding, dividing, and infective stage for humans. The T rophozoites are characterized by a nucleus. They travel by pseudopodia, which means that they extend parts of their body's cell membrane (the pseudopods ) and then fill them with plasma to force locomotion. Trophozoite stage

8. The flagellate is pear-shaped and biflagellate: this means that it has two flagella. This stage can be inhaled into the nasal cavity during swimming or diving. The flagellate form does not exist in human tissue. Once inside the nasal cavity, the flagellated form transforms into a trophozoite within a few hours. Flagellated Stage

9. Naegleria forms

10. Naegleria cyst & trophozoite

11. Reproduction

12. The organism enters the nasal cavity when contaminated water with amebae is aspirated. Naegleria fowleri ameba can travel up the nose and into the brain. Transmission

13. Transmission Pathway

14. When it enters to Nose it has two Mission. First It Starts reproduction(Binary fission) to increase their number. Second It starts eating our Brain cells. W hen water containing N. Fowleri is inhaled through the nose, it then enters the nasal and olfactory nerve tissue, traveling to the brain through the cribriform plate. Naegleria Fowleri on a Mission

15. Response to Immune System

16. Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis(P.A.M .) It takes 1-9 days (average 5) for symptoms to appear. Symptoms ; Headache, Fever, And Vomiting, Changes in taste & Smell, Stiff Neck, Confusion & No Focus(Attention) & Loss of Balance Death : occurs early; the entire clinical course extends beyond 3 to 6 days. 133 people known to be infected in the U.S. since 1962, only three people survived. Symptoms and pathogenesis

17. Prevention

18. Be careful while Swimming in Warm Water, Swimming pool etc.

19. Wear Nose-Clips for Swimming.

20. Use Chlorine in Swimming Pool

21. Treatments Involve Surgery and Drugs known as Impavido (But it is not very effective). There is no such Vaccines for this Disease. Treatment

22. Fatality Rate

23. You cannot be infected with Naegleria fowleri by drinking contaminated water . T he infection cannot spread from one person to another . Naegleria fowleri is not found in salt water, like the ocean. Some Basic Information

24. Thanks