Name reactions organic chemistry for class 12 rawat's jfc

here is a combination of all important Name reactions in organic chemistry for class 12 rawat's jfc, jost go for them at a glance

1. JFC NAME REACTION and Lab. Test Notes by RAWAT Sir [M.Sc. Chemistry, 3 times NET (JRF), GATE ]
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i) CUMENE PROCESS - Phenol is manufactured from the hydrocarbon, cumene (isopropylbenzene) . In first step
molecular oxygen reacts with cumene to form cumene hydroperoxide (via free radical mechanism), then treating this
peroxide compound with dilute acid reasult in the formation of phenol as well as acetone. This reaction involves a phenyl
migration mechanism.



ii) CARBYLAMINE TEST- Aliphatic and aromatic primary amines on heating with chloroform and ethanolic potassium
hydroxide form isocyanides or carbylamines which are foul smelling substances. Secondary and tertiary amines do not
show this reaction.

iii) COUPLING REACTION or DIAZO COUPLING Reaction - Benzene diazonium chloride reacts with phenol or aniline
to form azo dyes.

NAME REACTIONS

1. Sandmeyer’s reaction - Benzene diazonium salt with cuprous chloride or cuprous bromide results in the
replacement of the diazonium group by –Cl or –Br.











2. Wurtz reaction- Alkyl halides react with sodium in dry ether to give hydrocarbons containing double the number
of carbon atoms present in the halide.
2 RX + 2 Na
dry ether
R-R +2 NaX
A place where you feel the CHEMISTRY

2. JFC NAME REACTION and Lab. Test Notes by RAWAT Sir [M.Sc. Chemistry, 3 times NET (JRF), GATE ]
[email protected]
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3. Wurtz-Fittig reaction- A mixture of an alkyl halide and aryl halide gives an alkylarene when treated with sodium in
dry ether.

4. Fittig reaction- Aryl halides when treated with sodium in dry ether give diphenyl.

5. Finkelstein reaction- R-X + NaI → R-I + NaX X=Cl, Br
6. Swarts reaction- H
3C-Br +AgF → H
3C-F + AgBr
7. Kolbe’s reaction- When phenol reacts with sodium hydroxide, phenoxide ion generated undergoes electrophilic
substitution with carbon dioxide and forms salicylic acid.

8. Reimer-Tiemann reaction-On treating phenol with chloroform in the presence of sodium hydroxide, a –CHO group is
introduced at ortho position of benzene ring.


9. Williamson ether synthesis- An alkyl halide is treated with sodium alkoxide to form ether.
CH
3Br + C
2H
5ONa CH
3–O–C
2H
5

10. Rosenmund reduction - Acyl chloride (acid chloride) is hydrogenated over catalyst, palladium on barium sulphate to
give aldehyde.

11. Clemmensen reduction - Aldehydes and ketones are reduced to alkanes on treatment with zinc - amalgam and
concentrated hydrochloric acid. (Zn-Hg/conc. HCl) CH
3 –CHO  CH
3–CH
3

12. Wolff-Kishner reduction- Aldehydes and ketones are reduced to alkanes on reaction with hydrazine followed by
heating with potassium hydroxide(NH2-NH2/KOH) in ethylene glycol. CH
3 –CO - CH
3  CH
3 –CH
2 - CH
3

13. Stephen’s reaction-

3. JFC NAME REACTION and Lab. Test Notes by RAWAT Sir [M.Sc. Chemistry, 3 times NET (JRF), GATE ]
[email protected]
www.slideshare.net/RawatDAgreatt
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14. Aldol condensation- Aldehydes and ketones having at least one α-hydrogen undergo a reaction in the presence of
dilute alkali form β-hydroxy aldehydes (aldol) or β-hydroxy ketones (ketol), respectively.



15. Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction- Carboxylic acids having an α-hydrogen are halogenated at the α-position on
treatment with chlorine or bromine in the presence of small amount of red phosphorus to give α-halocarboxylic acids.

16. Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction
Primary amines can be prepared by treating an amide with bromine in an aqueous or ethanolic solution of sodium
hydroxide.The amine so formed contains one carbon less than that present in the amide.


17. Cannizzaro reaction: This is a disproportionation reaction in which aldehyde undergoes self-oxidation and reduction.

4. JFC NAME REACTION and Lab. Test Notes by RAWAT Sir [M.Sc. Chemistry, 3 times NET (JRF), GATE ]
[email protected]
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18. Etard’s reaction: (For aromatic aldehyde) Toluene reacts with chromyl chloride (CrO
2Cl
2) in CS
2 or CCl
4 to form
benzaldehyde.


19. Gatterman- Koch reaction:(for aromatic aldehyde) When a mixture of CO and HCl gas is passed through benzene
in presence of anhydrous AlCl
3 + CuCl, benzaldehyde is formed.


20. Gattermann and sandmayer
Sandmeyer’s reaction- The reaction of diazonium salt with halo acid in presence of copper halide to have
halobenzene is called sandmeyer’s reaction. Ar-N2Cl + CuCl + HCl Ar-Cl + N2
Gatterman reaction- The reaction of diazonium salt with halo acid in presence of copper powder is called Gatterman
reaction. Ar-N2Cl + Cu + HCl Ar-Cl + N2 + CuCl

21. Esterification- carboxylic acids reacts with alcohols in presence of mineral acids to form esters.

22. Sodalime decarboxylation

Kolbe’s electrolysis

23. Gabriel phthalimide reaction- Alkaline phthalimide reacts with alkyl halides to form primary amine.

5. JFC NAME REACTION and Lab. Test Notes by RAWAT Sir [M.Sc. Chemistry, 3 times NET (JRF), GATE ]
[email protected]
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24. Friedel craft reaction-
#Acylation



#Alkylation

25. Acylation reaction- Amines combines with acyl halides to form N-alkyl ethanamine.

C
2H
5NH
2 + CH
3COCl C
2H
5NHCOCH
3

Alkyl amines with nitrous acid – it forms alcohol.

NaNO2+HCl
RNH
2 + HNO
2 ROH + N
2 +HCl

HOH

26. Ammonolysis - The reaction in which C-X bond is cleaved by ammonia molecule is known as ammonolysis.
Main disadvantage of this reaction is that it forms a misture if 1
0
, 2
0
, 3
0
amines as well as quaternary ammonium
salt.


27. DIAZOTIZATION REACTION
The conversion of primary aromatic amines into diazonium salt is known as diazotization reaction.The diazotization reaction
is characterize in the joining two N-atoms (diazo).
PREPARATION: The commonly known diazonium salt is benzene diazonium chloride is prepared by reacting aniline with
sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid (this mixture forms HNO2 in situ).

273—278 K
ArNH2 + NaNO2 +HCl ArN2
+
Cl
-
+NaCl +2H2O

6. JFC NAME REACTION and Lab. Test Notes by RAWAT Sir [M.Sc. Chemistry, 3 times NET (JRF), GATE ]
[email protected]
www.slideshare.net/RawatDAgreatt
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Chemical tests for distinguish various compounds
S
NO
NAME OF
THE
COMPOUND
CHEMICAL
REAGENT
OBSERVATION PAIRS OF COMPOUNDS THAT CAN BE
DISTINGUISHED
1 R – X Aqueous NaOH &
AgNO3 solution
Precipitate
AgCl – White
AgBr – Pale
yellow
AgI – Dark
yellow
1) Ethyl chloride & chlorobenzene
Ethyl chloride gives white ppt
Chlorobenzene does not give ppt.

2) Cyclohexylbromide & bromobenzene
Cyclohexylbromide gives pale yellow ppt
Bromobenzene does not give the test.

3) Benzyl chloride & chlorobenzene
Benzyl chloride gives white ppt
Chlorobenzene does not give ppt.

4) Vinyl iodide & Allyl iodide
Vinyl iodide gives pale yellow ppt.
Allyl iodide does not give the test.

2 R – OH Lucas test – conc
HCl & anh ZnCl2







Iodoform test –
NaOH &I2
Note: When both
the alcohols given
are primary / sec
apply this test
1
0
– Does not
react.
2
0
– Forms
turbidity after
few min
3
0
- Forms
turbidity
immediately

Yellow ppt of
iodoform (CHI3)

To distinguish primary , sec & ter alcohols
Primary – Methanol, Ethanol, n – alkyl
alcohols / alkan – 1-ol, benzyl alcohol
Secondary – Isopropyl alcohol, alkan – 2 – ol
Tertiary – tert.buytl alcohol
(2-methyl– propan – 2- ol)



Alcohols with CH3 – CH – group give this test

OH
1) Ethyl alcohol & methyl alcohol(both are 1
0
)
Ethyl alcohol gives yellow ppt
Methyl alcohol does not give this test.
2) Pentan-2-ol & Pentan-3-ol (both are 2
0
)
Pentan-2-ol gives yellow ppt
Pentan-3-ol does not give this test.


3 Phenol Neutral ferric
chloride
Violet colour 1) Phenol & ethyl alcohol
Phenol gives violet colour
Ethyl alcohol does not give this test

7. JFC NAME REACTION and Lab. Test Notes by RAWAT Sir [M.Sc. Chemistry, 3 times NET (JRF), GATE ]
[email protected]
www.slideshare.net/RawatDAgreatt
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4 Aldehydes Tollens test –
ammoniacal AgNO3
, warm


Iodoform test –
NaOH &I2
Note: When both the
compounds given
are aldehydes/
ketones apply this
test

Silver mirror








Yellow ppt of
iodoform (CHI3)

Aldehydes give positive test.
1.Acetaldehyde (Propanal) & Acetone (Propanone)
Acetaldehyde (Propanal) gives Ag mirror
Acetone (Propanone) does not give this test.

Ald. & ket. with CH3 – C – group give this test
O

1) Acetaldehyde & benzaldehyde
Acetaldehyde gives yellow ppt.
Benzaldehyde does not give this test.
2) Acetaldehyde & formaldehyde
Acetaldehyde gives yellow ppt.
Formaldehyde does not give this test.
3) 2 – Pentanone & 3 – Pentanone
2 – Pentanone gives yellow ppt.
3 – Pentanone does not give this test.
4) Acetophenone & benzophenone
Acetophenone gives yellow ppt.
Benzophenone does not give this test.

5. Carboxylic
acids


Formic acid
(Methanoic
acid)
Sodium bicarbonate
test


Tollens test
Effervescence due
to evolution of
CO2 gas

Effervescence due
to evolution of
CO2 gas

All carboxylic acids give this test



HCOOH is the only carboxylic acid that gives this test
HCOOH and CH3COOH
HCOOH gives this test . CH3COOH does not give this test
6 Amines





Primary
amines






Aniline
Hinsberg test –
Benzene sulphonyl
chloride + NaOH



Carbylamine test –
Alcoholic KOH +
CHCl3





Azodye test –
NaNO2 + HCl +
phenol (0
0
to 5
0
C)
1
0
–Soluble
2
0
– Insoluble
3
0
– does not react
with Hinsberg
reagent

Very unpleasant
smelling
isocyanide gas
evolves




Reddish orange
dye
To distinguish primary , sec & ter amines
Alkyl amine – 1
0

Dialkylamine -2
0
(N- alkyl alkanamine)
Trialkylamine( N,N – dialkyl alkanamine - 3
0



To distinguish primary amines from other amines
1)Ethylamine & Diethylamine
Ethylamine gives this test.
Diethylamine does not give this test
2) Aniline & Dimethylamine
Aniline gives this test.
Diethylamine does not give this test

To distinguish Aniline & Benzylamine
Aniline gives this test
Benzylamine does not give this test.