nano cathedral project .pptx

nano cathedral

1. Digital Technologies in Cultural Heritage Conservation Presented by: Arch. Noha Adel Master Student, Building technology, Architecture Department –Faculty of Engineering – Cairo University “The International Workshop on Industrial Heritage" at the Archeology Research Center of the Italian Cultural Institute in Cairo

2. Acknowledgement I am grateful to the Archeology Research Center of the Italian Cultural Institute in Cairo for hosting this international intellectual Workshop as well as to Prof. Dr. Badawi Ismail and Dr.Mahmoud El Shandidy for inviting me to this workshop. I am also thankful for Prof. Dr. Hesham Sameh , Prof. Dr. Ismail Amer and Prof. Dr. Tarek Nazel all of those whom have provided me extensive personal and professional guidance and taught me a great deal about both scientific research and life in general.

3. Introduction Types of Heritage Buildings Problems Facing Heritage Buildings Nanomaterials in Architectural Conservation Challenges & opportunities in heritage conservation science Nano Cathedral Objectives & Testing Chosen Cathedrals Decay Report Consolidants & Protective Coatings Chosen Consolidants Chosen Protective Coatings Results Recommendations Contents

4. Introduction According to the UNESCO heritage has a very wide definition that includes both T angible C ultural Heritage (TCH) and Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH). UNESCO’s 2003 convention for safeguarding of ICH defined 5 areas that belong to it: Oral traditions and expressions (Language, Storytelling) Performing Arts (Singing, Dancing, theatre,… etc ) Social Practices, rituals and festive events. knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe. knowledge and skills used to produce traditional crafts. 3D Technologies are used in a wide range of applications. They concern not only the preservation of objects from the past, but also the development of today’s culture.

5. Heritage Type / Technology 3D GIS 3D Visualization 3D Modelling 3D Printing 3D Photogrammetry 3D Scanning 3D Animation 3D auralization AR VR CAD Motion Capture RTI LIDaR Capture System Craftsmanship Studies Art Studies Storytelling Studies Software Studies Game – Based Learning Studies Sport Studies Settlement Studies Architecture Studies Museum Studies Software System Studies Cultural Heritage

6. Augmented reality is the process of using technology to superimpose images, text or sounds on top of what a person can already see. It uses a smartphone or tablet to alter the existing picture, via an app. The user stands in front of a scene and holds up their device. It will show them an altered version of reality. There are many ways that museums could be using augmented reality . AR technology overlays the virtual object into the real world that enables users to have virtual and real-world experience at the same time. Video, audio, 2D and 3D images, web and text are just some examples of content types that can be overlaid on our perception of the real world. AR

7. The word “virtual” and the expression “virtual reality” can be ambiguous and refer to different types of applications. A virtual world is a computer-simulated environment, and virtual reality (VR) can be defined as a simulated experience . Virtual heritage is one of the computer-based interactive technologies in virtual reality where it creates a visual representation of monuments, artifacts, buildings and culture to deliver openly to global audiences . The main goal of virtual heritage is to represent cultural heritage in realistic virtual environments where the public can immerse and/or interact with these artifacts. Virtual heritage involves directly computer graphics and/or multimedia content, i.e., 3D objects, 2D images, sounds, music. VR

8. LiDAR LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) uses laser technology to map the contours of surfaces. LiDAR basically involves shooting millions of laser beams at a surface (for example, the surface of the ground or the vertical face of an excavated wall) and calculating how long it takes for the laser beam to “bounce back .”. Airborne LiDAR technology is used to map topography and detect cultural features concealed beneath vegetation, providing archaeologists with detailed aerial overviews of entire sites. Ground-based LiDAR can be used on a smaller scale to create very precise three-dimensional reconstructions of ancient structures .

9. 3D GIS Geographical Information Systems (GIS ) can be defined as a set of spatial digital tools for managing, manipulating, and analysing information, spatially referenced according to geographical coordinates represented in a Cartesian space defined by x and y (and sometimes z, and even a time variable t ) axes . GIS is primarily used for recording, analyzing, and storing information about spatial entities according to their geographic locations. The use of GIS in archaeology is not limited to archaeological survey data. It can also be applied to different aspects of the archaeological practice such as site reconstruction, database management, object tracking and modelling, spatial analysis, environmental assessments and much more .

10. Motion Capture Motion capture is an application field involving electronic communication, human-computer interaction, motion biomechanics, navigation and so on. With the widespread popularization of computer technology and artificial intelligence, motion capture technology has broad prospects in the fields of medical rehabilitation, film and television animation production, virtual interactive games, sports training, intelligent monitoring and other fields.

11. 3D Printing 3D printing is being used to help preserve and revive endangered cultural heritage sites around the world. 3D printing is being used to create detailed replicas of ancient monuments, artifacts, and sculptures that are either damaged or destroyed due to natural disasters or human interventions.

12. 3D Photogrammetry Photogrammetry: “a sophisticated process by which information is extracted from photographs to create accurate three-dimensional maps and models. Using ultra-high-resolution aerial photographs, this practice combines UAV-mounted overhead sensors with powerful GIS mapping systems to create dynamic, measurable documents for a number of real-world situations and uses.”

13. 3D Scanning 3D Scanning : “an automatic, direct measurement of 3D points that can accurately measure and collect data from objects, surfaces, buildings, and landscapes. Laser scanners collect information in the form of point cloud data, which consists of millions of 3D coordinates (XYZ coordinates).”

14. 3D Visualization The virtual visualization of historical sites and objects introduces new possibilities in experiential teaching methodologies in all fields.

15. 3D Modelling 3D modelling is the process of creating three-dimensional representations of an object or a surface. 3D models are made within computer-based 3D modelling software such as: Motion Builder, Unity 3D, Maya, Auto CAD and 3D Studio Max ). 3D Visualization 3D Animation The virtual visualization of historical sites and objects introduces new possibilities in experiential teaching methodologies in all fields.

16. RTI Reflectance Transformation Imaging RTI is a computational photographic method that captures a subject’s surface shape and color and enables the interactive re-lighting of the subject from any direction. RTI also permits the mathematical enhancement of the subject’s surface shape and color attributes. RTI is a non-invasive imaging technique that has shown potential for documentation of cultural heritage (CH). However, to date, only case-study-oriented approaches are exploring its possibilities for change detection.

17. 3D Animation 3D animation refers to the process of taking digital objects and making them come to life by creating the illusion that they’re moving through a three-dimensional space. These computer-generated objects appear on a two-dimensional screen, but they’re crafted to mimic the principles of a 3D world. They appear to move, turn, and rotate like a real-world object, allowing for a 360-degree view of all sides.

18. Capture System It is an image-based 3D recording approach that have been developed over the last few years. To acquire a 3D reconstruction of an object or a scene, it is sufficient to take a number of pictures from different viewpoints . These can be obtained using a photo or video camera. The resulting 3D model can be used both for measurements and visualization purposes.

19. 3D auralization “ Auralization " is the sound equivalent of visualization for the results of modelling techniques. The auditory presentation of accurate acoustical numerical models, through auralization over headphones or speaker arrays, allows users to experience spatial acoustic properties of a site as if present

20. CAD Computer-Aided Design software is used worldwide by designers, architects, surveyors and others. It is used in a wide range of applications, from producing development plans for construction or industrial prototypes in manufacturing to producing visual effects in games/films or describing vehicle movement in traffic accidents. Within archaeology the use of CAD has included building and site recording, archaeological survey, interpretative modelling, visualisation and reconstructions.

21. RePAIR Reconstructing the Past: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics meet Cultural Heritage The project is run by a group of scientists at the Italian Institute of Technology (IIT) to help with the time-consuming and labor-intensive physical reconstruction process of Pompeii’s restoration. The technologies involved in the project are robotics, 3-D scanning, machine learning algorithms, and artificial intelligence . The main goal of the RePAIR project is to develop innovative technology to virtually eliminate one of the most laborious and frustrating steps in archaeological research, namely the physical reconstruction of shattered works of art. In 2019, Microsoft announced its AI for Cultural Heritage program, aiming to preserve and treasure people, places, and historical artifacts through AI technology and collaboration with cultural nonprofit organizations.

22. Application of digital technologies “Notre Dame Cathedral” All eyes of the world watched in horror as Notre Dame Cathedral, as much an icon of Paris as is the Eiffel Tower, was engulfed in flame. The spire collapsed and the roof was destroyed. In 2015, Andrew Tallon, a Professor of Art at Vassar University, became the first person to laser-scan the cathedral, creating a digital replica with over a thousand data points . Tallon created a point-cloud model of the church with a laser scanner, setting up the scanner at 50 different points within the church over the course of five days. In a 2014 paper detailing his scanning process Tallon said that the margin of error on his scans was "often fewer than five millimeters,”

23. Introduction | Types of HB | Problems Facing HB | Nanomaterials in Arch. Conservation | Challenges & opportunities | Nano Cathedral | Recommendations Recommendations Provide Key Tool “Reference” for Restoration and Conservation in Egypt by studying and picking the Optimum nanomaterials according to: Lithotypes Classification Climatic Classification Time Scale Environmental Approach Using nanomaterials to overcome problems facing Heritage Buildings related to both Human Factor and Environmental Effects. Raise the awareness among Archeologists, Restorers and Architects of the importance of using updated techniques in order to maintain preserving of our Heritage Buildings. THANK YOU