Nano electronics Technology and its Application

An overview of Nano Electronics Technology

1. Nano electronics Technology and its Applications Under the guidance of Professor . Hee -Je Kim Presented By S V S V Prabhu Deva Kumar (Sai) Master Student Laser and sensor Applications laboratory

2. Contents What is Nano Electronics? Moore’s Law Various Fields of Nano Electronics Nano Electronic Solid State Devices in Future Computers Nano Electronics Memories Nano Electronic Displays Nano Electronic Circuits Nano Electronic Robots Research Challenges Advantages Malfunction Future Scope Conclusion

3. What is Nano Electronics? It refers to Nano Technology in Electronics domain and are often only a few nanometres in size Nano electronics covers a diverse set of devices and materials, with the common characteristic that they are so small that physical effects alter the materials' properties on a nanoscale 50nm Transistor 15nm Transistor

4. Moore’s Law In 1965, Gordon Moore predicted that the number of transistors that can be integrated on a dice would doubled every 10 to 14 month. The graph shows the gradually increasing the usage of transistor since 1970 to 2000.

5. Research Challenges in Nano Electronics Effective working Reliability Aging Low Power devices operated out of thermal equilibrium alternative interconnect systems fabrication interconnect technologies

6. Various fields of Nano Electronics Nano Electronic Solid State Devices in Future Computers Nano Electronics Memories Nano Electronic Displays Nano Electronic Circuits Nano Electronic Robots

7. Nano Electronic Solid State Devices in Future Computers Nano CMOS Resonant Tunneling Diode (RTD) Single Electron Transistor (SET)

8. Nano CMOS Current VLSI systems rely heavily on CMOS technology With nano miniaturization: - Intel chip is designed with 1 billion of transistors by 2017. - Operating speeds will be 10 – 15 GHz Today’s CMOS gate length = 120 nm  22 nm (2014)

9. Transistor Fabrication

10. Resonant Tunneling Diode (RTD ) Made by placing insulating barriers on a semiconductor => creates island or potential well between them Only finite number of discrete energy levels are permitted in the island Electrons can pass through the island by quantum tunneling - If incoming electron energy matches (or resonates) with an energy state inside the island, then current flows through: “ON” state - If energy states inside and outside do not match: “OFF” state

11. Single Electron Transistor (SET ) Bell Lab researchers fabricated the first SET in 1987 Similar tunneling concept as RTDs - One electron tunnels from source to drain, through the barriers

12. Nano Electronics Memories This is a 2 gigabyte hard drive. It weighs about 70 pounds . It was first used in the 1980s. Its cost at that time ranged from $80,000 to $140,000.

13. 2 GB in 1980s $80,000 2 GB in 1990s $200 2 GB in 2010 $5

14. Nano Electronic Displays Nanotubes are small enough that they cannot be seen, so they can be great conductors to be used as transparent contacts . These layers contain transparent electrodes

15. Nano Electronic Circuits To see the circuitry, researchers use an electron microscope or an atomic force microscope . This image shows different levels of a circuit.

16. Nano Electronic Robots Close to the scale of (10-9 ) . Largely in R and D phase. Nano robots of 1.5 nanometers capable of counting specific molecules in a chemical sample . Capable of replication using environmental resources. Applications : Detection of toxic components in environment . In drug delivery.

17. Advantages Increases the density of memory chips Decreases the weight and thickness of the of the screen Nanolithography is used to fabrication of chips Reducing the size of the transistor in integrated circuits Reducing the power consumption High speed and high capacity memory.

18. Malfunction of Nano Electronics Due to Atmospheric Disorder Improper development or designing Important: While working in Nano elements region obey proper precautions like wearing safety equipment's.

19. Future scope of Nano electronics Stretchable electronics or flexible electronics is likely to be the future of mobile electronics . Potential applications include wearable electronic devices, biomedical uses, compact portable devices, and robotic devices. In the future, it is likely that graphene will become a dominant material in flexible electronics . Graphene is nothing but an allotrope of carbon that has superb electrical conductivity, flexibility, and physical strength.

20. Conclusion Nano-electronics show promise as a technology to continue the miniaturization of ICs. Flexibility is also a major breakthrough in the world of electronics, which will enable a new approach in design and functionality for the devices which our modern lives depend upon. Nanotechnologies also promise a future in development and enhancement of mobile devices and wearable devices.