Nano-technology Seminar

Nano technology for crop resilience to climate change,
this seminar mainly related to crop response to applied nano particles in different environmental stresses like drought ,salt stress,etc,.

1. Nanotechnology for enhancing crop resilience to climate change Hanumanthagouda Patil PALB8239 Snr M.Sc.( Agri ) Environmental Science UAS Bangalore-65

2. outline Introduction History Properties of nano particles Methods of production ENPs Applications of nanoparticles in Agriculture Research Papers Summary

3. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Sources include: World Bank, United States Census Bureau

4. NANOTECHNOLOGY “ Nanotechnology is the art and science of manipulating matter at the nanoscale ( 1 to 100 nm) to create new and unique materials and products with enormous potential to change society .” ( National Nanotechnology Initiative ) It is emerging as the sixth revolutionary technology in the current era

5. History of Nanotechnology History of Nanotechnology Eric Drexler: Wrote famous book “Engineer of Creation” (1986)

6. ( British Standards Institution, 2005 ) Time Line of Nanotechnology

7. Small size (1-100nm ) Large surface to volume ratio High activity Change in the chemical and physical properties with respect to size and shape Properties of N ano particles

8. Nanoparticles are generated naturally by erosion, fires, volcanoes and marine wave action. Nanoparticles are also produced by human activities such as coal combustion, vehicle exhaust and weathering rubber tires. Engineered NPs (ENPs): Nanoparticles are intentionally produced and designed with specific properties related to their shape , size, surface properties, and chemistry . Natural nanoparticle Types of nanoparticles

9. Methods involved for synthesis of nanoparticle Grinding C. Biological method

10. Nanomaterial in Agriculture

11. Applications of Nanotechnology in Agriculture Crop improvement – For efficient gene transformation, nanoparticles such as gold nanoparticle-embedded carbon matrices as a carrier were used successfully for the delivery of genetic material Seed technology - carbon nanotubes. Bio-Nano sensors - Monitor soil conditions and crop growth over vast areas . Removal of heavy metals – ligand based nano -particles. Applications of Nanotechnology in Agriculture

12. Degradation of pesticides residues Smart packaging with nano silicon to enhance the shelf life of the food materials. Zeolite NP’s can be used for improving the fertilizer use efficiency . Nano particles such as CeO 2 , ZnO , TiO 2 can be used for improving the crop resilience to climate change. Contd.,

13. Impacts of Nanoparticles on Drought stress

14. Impacts of Nanoparticles on Salinity stress

15. Case study-1

16. O bjectives of the present study ( i ) Evaluate the effect of drought on the vegetative and reproductive performance and nutrient acquisition in sorghum. ( ii) Assess the role of Zn as ZnO nanoparticles in modulating sorghum performance, nutrient acquisition and grain fortification under drought stress .

17. Materials and Methods Chemical and soil : The ZnO nanoparticle (18 nm) product used in this study was purchased from US Research Nano materials. triplicate pots per treatment(1,3,5 mg ZnO /kg) Plant growth conditions : A greenhouse pot experiment with sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) th ree sorghum seeds were planted per pot, Which was thinned out to one. D-Control- 40 per cent field moisture capacity(FMC) ND-(3mg/kg ZnO ) Control- 80 per cent field capacity(FMC) Plant analysis Data analysis

18. Results and discussion Fig . (A) Days to development of flag leaf and grain head (GH) in sorghum under drought stress and ZnO nanoparticle fertilization (3 mg ZnO /kg ). Bars on graphs are means and standard deviations. Different letters on bars indicate significant differences among treatments, separately for flag leaf and grain head. ( B): Representative sorghum plants at 51 days after planting showing the influence of drought and ZnO nanoparticle fertilization (3 mg ZnO /kg ) on the development of grain head.

19. Effects of drought and ZnO nanoparticles (1, 3, and 5 mg ZnO /kg ) on the vegetative and reproductive performance of sorghum. D = drought; ND = non-drought.

20. Effects of drought and ZnO nanoparticles ( 1, 3, and 5 mg ZnO /kg ) on nitrogen acquisition in sorghum plant organs (root, shoot and grain ). Different letters on bars indicate significant differences among treatments , D = drought; ND = non-drought.

21. Effects of drought and ZnO nanoparticles (1, 3, and 5 mg ZnO /kg ) on sorghum grain concentrations of zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium and sulfur . Different letters after values indicate significant differences among treatments ,. D = drought; ND = non-drought.

22. ZnO nanoparticle alleviation of drought effects by improving plant phenological development was evaluated. ZnO nanoparticle improved nitrogen acquisation by sorghum under drought stress. Conclusion

23. Case study-2

24. The main objectives of this study T o investigate CeO 2 -NPs at different concentrations (0, 200 and 1000 mg kg - 1 dry sand and clay mixture) could affect the physiological and biochemical processes in canola. T o determine the synergistic presence of CeO 2 -NPs and NaCl (100 mM ) could alleviate the plant oxidative stress induced by NaCl .

25. Materials and methods 1 . CeO 2 -NPs most CeO 2 -NPs fell in the size range of 20 to110 nm, with an average size of 55.6 nm. 2 . Plant species and growth conditions Brassica napus (canola) cv. ‘Dwarf Essex’ seeds were purchased, ten plants for each treatment (0,200,1000 mg/kg) was grown, in this after ten days five plants of each treatment are treated with 100mM NaCl . 3. Chlorophyll analysis. 4 . Proline determination. 5 . Mineral contents analysis.

26. The total chlorophyll was slightly increased by application of 1000mg/kg CeO 2 NPs under salt stress . Chlorophyll-a was increased by 27% and 10% respectively in salt stressed plants exposed to 1000 mg/kg CeO 2 NPs and 200 mg/kg CeO 2 NPs compared with control plot treated with NaCl . Chlorophyll-b was unaffected except treatments under 200mg/kg CeO 2 NPs in salt free . Result and discussion

27. Proline content in Brassica napus plants exposed to CeO 2 -NPs at 200 and 1000 mg kg -1 dry mixture and 100 mM NaCl .

28. Mineral contents in Brassica napus plants exposed to CeO 2 -NPs at 200 and 1000 mg kg -1 dry mixture and 100 mM NaCl . A: Nitrogen (%). B and C: Potassium and Calcium (ppm ).D: Phosphorus(ppm), E: Sodium (log10 ).and F: Magnesium (ppm ).

29. Fresh(A,C,E)and dry (B,D,F) weight of Brassica napus growing in the presence of 200 and 1000 mg/kg dry mixture of CeO 2 -NPs and 100mM NaCl . A and B: Total biomass, C and D: Leaf biomass, E and F: Root biomass

30. Conclusion This study report that synergistic salt stress and CeO 2 -NPs effects on the physiological regulations in Brassica napus . The findings suggest that positive role of CeO 2 -NPs in cultivated crops, likely through the enhanced chlorophyll performance and proline synthesis regulation . The study provided insights on the potential applications of CeO 2 -NPs for the reduction of salt stress impact in agriculture .

31. The ecotoxicology of nanomaterials in agroecosystem. The sustainability and its biosafety of nanomaterials. The development of carrier of nanomaterials . Nanosensors – Smart Precision farming . Establishment of regulatory body to decide the laws related to the utilization of maximum acceptable levels of ENMs in the environment. Challenges Ahead

32. Nano structured formulations improve the efficiency of nutrient uptake ratio their by enhancing crop yield and also saves resources. Nano sized formulations improve the solubility and dispersion insoluble nutrients in soil, reduces soil absorption and fixation their by increases the bioavailability . Nanoparticles have a breakthrough applications in wide fields such as engineering, medicine, biotechnology, agriculture, etc., Nanoparticles can help the crop plants to overcome the stress caused by climate change such as drought, salinity, high temperature. Summary

33. Thank you