Nanoemulsion: Concepts, Development, and Applications

In this presentation I have explained about the basic concepts and methods of preparation of Nanoemulsion, and their application in day to day life.

1. Nanoemulsion: Concepts, Development and Applications in Drug Delivery Abhishek Soni (2411252) Department of Pharmaceutics

2. Article Info:- Year of Publication: 6 March 2017 Name of Journal: Journal of Controlled Release Cite Score: 19.4 Impact Factor: 11.5

3. INTRODUCTION A nanoemulsion is considered to be a thermodynamically or kinetically stable liquid dispersion of two immiscible liquid phases such as an oil phase and a water phase. An interfacial tension exists between the two liquids everywhere they are in contact due to differences in attractive interactions between the molecules of the two liquid phases. Amphiphilic surface-active molecules or surfactants are added to reduce this interfacial tension. Droplet size of nanoemulsion falls typically in the range of 5 nm to 100 nm and shows a narrow size distribution. The key difference between emulsions and Nanoemulsions are that the former exhibit excellent kinetic stability, are fundamentally thermodynamically unstable as well as emulsions are cloudy while Nanoemulsions are clear or translucent.

4. Types of Nanoemulsions On the Basis of Dispersed phase & Dispersion Medium Nanoemulsions are classified as: (a) O/W type : Oil Globules are dispersed in Continuous Phase i.e. Water Dispersed Phase: Oil globules Dispersion Medium: Water (b) W/O type : Water droplets are dispersed in oil. Dispersed Phase: Water Droplet Dispersion Medium: Oil (c ) Bi-continuous Nanoemulsions wherein microdomains of oil and water are interdispersed within the system. (Multiple Emulsion)

5. Advantages of Nanoemulsion:

6. Disadvantages of Nanoemulsions

7. Components of Nanoemulsion: Oil phase – to dissolve lipophilic drugs or act as carrier i.e. olive oil , rosema ry oil. Aqueous phase – water Surfactant – to reduce interfacial tension and stabilize droplets , Tweens and Spans Co-surfactant – to enhance flexibility of the interfacial film , PEG Drug or active ingredient – therapeutic agent to be delivered Preservatives – to prevent microbial growth Viscosity modifiers – to adjust consistency (e.g., for nasal or topical use) pH adjusters – to maintain stability and compatibility eg. Phosphate Buffer

8. Techniques of preparation of Nanoemulsions: High-pressure homogenization Microfluidization Ultrasonication Phase inversion temperature (PIT) Phase inversion composition (PIC) Self-emulsification (Spontaneous emulsification)

9. 1. High-Pressure Homogenization/ Direct Mixing Homogenization

10. 2. Microfluidization

11. 3. Ultrasonication

12. Characterization of Nanoemulsion

13. Applications of Nanoemulsions: Oral Drug Delivery – improved solubility and bioavailability Topical & Transdermal Delivery – enhanced skin penetration Intranasal Delivery – rapid absorption to brain or systemic circulation Parenteral Delivery – injectable formulations for poorly soluble drugs Targeted Drug Delivery – cancer therapy or site-specific action Ocular Drug Delivery- attempted to deliver water incompatible, environmentally sensitive, poorly absorbed or poorly retained drugs. Vaccine Delivery – enhanced immune response Antimicrobial & Antiviral Formulations – improved efficacy Controlled / Sustained Release – prolonged therapeutic effect

14. Thank You…….