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In this presentation, the narrative method of the qualitative approach is explained. In the qualitative approach of educational research, narrative research is an important method. How to conduct narrative research, is explained herein. The narrative researcher tells the story of the participants.

1. Qualitative Research Narrative method Narrative Research By Dr. Neha Deo Qualitative research Methods

2. Researchers describe the lives of individuals, collect and tell stories about people‘s lives & write narratives of individual experiences .(Connelly & Clandinin , 1990) What is Narrative research?

3. People live storied lives. They tell stories to share their lives with others and to provide their personal accounts about classrooms, schools, educational issues, and the settings in which they work. Cresswell What is Narrative research?

4. What is Narrative research? Narrative is understood as a spoken or written text giving an account of an event /action or series of events/actions, chronologically connected. The procedures for implementing the research consist of focusing on studying one or two individuals, gathering data through the collection of their stories, reporting individual experiences and chronologically ordering the meaning of those experiences.

5. Willing to tell & report someone stories & the stories follow a chronology of events. When we want to describe life of any Individual, collect & tell story about people Lives & write narratives of individual experiences. When anyone wants to use a viable way to study teachers, students & educators. When to use narrative research?

6. Development of Narrative Research Narrative research emerged as a popular form of qualitative research. It has become viable way to study teachers, students & educators in educational settings . Development of Narrative Research

7. Development of Narrative Research Narrative inquiries describe the lives of individuals, collect & tell stories about people’s lives, and write narratives of individual experiences. A researcher uses narrative designs when individuals are willing to provide their stories ,when their stories follow a chronology. Development of Narrative Research

8. 1 . Who writes or Records The Story? 2. How Much of a Life is Recorded & Presented? 3. Who Provides the Story? 4. Is a Theoretical Lens Being Used? 5. Can Narrative Forms Be Combined Determining type of Narrative Study

9. Examples of type of Narrative Research What are the types of narrative research? Autobiographies Biographies Life writing Personal accounts Personal narratives Narrative interviews Personal documents Documents of life Life stories & life histories Oral histories Ethno histories Ethnographies Auto- ethnographies Ethno- psychologies Person-centered ethnographies Popular memories Latin American testimonies Polish memoires.

10. Sr. no . Research process Narrative Research 1 Identify a research problem Seeks to understand & represent experiences through the stories individual (s) live & tell. 2 Review the literature Seeks to minimize the use of literature & focuses on the experiences of individuals. 3 Develop a purpose statement & Research Questions Seeks to explore the meaning of the individual’ s experience as told through a story or stories. 4 Collect Qualitative Data Seeks to collect field texts that document in the individual’s story in his/her own words 5 Analyze & Interpret Qualitative Data Seeks to analyze the stories by retelling the individual stories; identifying themes/categories of information; seeks to situate the story within the place or setting, seeks to analyze the story for chronological information about individual’s past, presents & future 6 Write & Evaluate a Study Seeks to collaborate with the participant while writing, writes in a flexible storytelling mode; Seeks to evaluate study based on the depth, accuracy, persuasiveness & realism of the account Narrative research process

11. 1. Experiences of an Individual 2. Chronology of Experiences 3. Collection of individual Life Stories 4. Re- storying from the field texts 5. Coding the Field Texts for Themes or Categories 6. Incorporating the Context or Place into the Story or Themes 7. Collaboration between the researcher & the participants in the Study What are the characteristics of narrative Research ?

12. Some Potential Issues in Gathering Stories 1. Cautious about stories 2. Ownership of the story 3. Lost of participant’s voice in final narrative report 4. Gains of the researcher in the study at the expense of the participants Some Potential Issues in Gathering Stories

13. 1.Identify a phenomenon to explore that addresses an Educational Problem 2. Purposefully select an Individual from whom you can learn about the phenomenon 3. Collect the Story from That Individual 4. Re-story or Retell the Individual’s Story 5. Collaborate with the Participants-Storyteller 6. Write a Story About the Participant’s Experiences 7. Validate the Accuracy of The Report The Steps in Conducting Narrative Research

14. 1 . The researcher focus on individual experiences? 2. Is there a focus on a single individual or a few individuals? 3. Did the researcher collect the story of an individual’s experience? 4. Did the researcher re-story the participant’s story? 5. In the re- storying , was the participant’s voice as well as the researcher’s voice heard? 6. Did the researcher identify themes that emerge from the story? Evaluate Narrative Research

15. 7 . Did the story include information about place or setting of the individual? 8. Did the story have a temporal, chronological sequence including the past, present, and future 9. Is there evidence that the researcher collaborated with the participant? 10.Does the story adequately address the purpose and questions of the researcher? Evaluate Narrative Research Evaluate Narrative Research

16. Reference Cresswell,J.W .(2011). Educational Research : New Delhi ;Prentice Hall of India learning private limited (4 th edn )

17. Narrative Research