Nasals

Slideshow discussing the nasal sounds of English language on the bases of three term discretion.

1. Zainab Ansar B.A.(hons.) 5 Semester English Language Teaching 18-ETM-27 Gh9230 presentation GENERAL AND ENGLISH PHONETIC-A

2. A DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF NASAL IN ENGLISH

3. Factors Air stream mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Air-Stream Mechanism State of glottis Voiced Active articulator Lower lip, tip of the tongue, back of the tongue Passive articulator Upper lip, teeth ridge, velum State of the soft palate Soft palate is lowered Stricture Complete oral closure

4. Oral passage is closed completely either by shutting the two lips firmly or by making a firm contact between some part of the tongue and corresponding parts of the roof of the mouth. So, the air from the lungs can escape only through the nose .

5. Definition A nasal consonant is a type of consonant produced with a lowered velum in the mouth, allowing air to come out through the nose, while the air is not allowed to pass through the mouth because something (like the tongue or the lips) is stopping it.

6. Types of nasals in english There are 3 types of nasals: Bilabial nasal Example- / m / Alveolar nasal Example- / n / Velar nasal Example- / ŋ /

7. Bilabial nasal Articulation A closure of oral passage is formed at the lips. Soft palate is lowered. The vocal cords vibrate. Three- term description of /m/ is a VOICED BILABIAL NASAL /m/

8. Spelling /m/ is regularly spelt m and mm Example - mad / mad / ; sum / s Λ m / summer / s Λ m ∂ / ; dimmer / d I m ∂ / Other spellings : If letter M is followed by B or N then the sound of both the letters is silent. Example- climb / kl Λ I m / damn / dam / When juxtaposing m and n are assigned to two different syllables neither of them is silent. Example- autumnal / :t Λ mn ∂ l / ; damnable /dæmn ∂ bl / c

9. Allophones of /m/ Labio-dental /m/ If /m/ is followed by labio dental / f , v / Example- comfort , nymph , come, etc. Partially devoiced /m/ /m/ is partially devoiced when /s/ preceded it. Example- small, smooth, science master Syllabic /m/ The words like Rhythm and Prism if pronounced without vowel / ∂ / in the second syllable.

10. Occurrence of /m/ /m/ may occurs in all three positions in a word. Example- Initial : mango Medial : gemstones Final : comb

11. Alveolar nasal Articulation Oral closure is formed in the mouth between the tip/ rim of the tongue and teeth ridge. Soft palate is lowered. Position of the lips depend on the adjacent vowel. Vocal cords vibrates. Three- term description of / n/ is Voiced Alveolar Nasal. /n/

12. Spelling /n/ regularly spelt with n and nn Example- Honey / h Λ ni / ; Ant /ant/ Other spellings When juxtaposing G and N or K and N belongs to two different syllables g and k are not silent. Example- Signal /s I gn l ; acknowledge / kn Þ l I d Յ /   If letter M is preceded by G,K or P then the sound of both the letters is silent . Example- gnat / nat / know / n ∂ / pneumatic / nju:mat I k / Ω

13. Allophones of /n/ Labio dental /n/ When /n/ is immediately followed by /f,v/ Example- infant, in view, invite Dental /n/ When /n/ is followed by / ð , θ / Example- month, on them, tenth Post – Alveolar /n/ When /n/ is followed by /r/ Example- unrest, enrol, sunrise

14. Allophones of /n/ Partially devoiced /n/ When /n/ is preceded by /s/ or /t/ Example- snow, cotton, mutton Syllabic /n/ /n/ becomes syllabic in words like : cotton, listen, vision

15. Occurrence of /n/ /n/ may occurs in all three positions in a word. Example- Initial : nails Medial : g inger Final : button

16. Velar nasa l Articulation Oral closure is formed between the back of the tongue and the velum. Soft palate is lowered. Lip position will depend on the preceding vowel. Vocal cords vibrates. Three term discription of / ŋ / is VOICED VELAR NASAL. /ŋ/

17. Allophones of /ŋ/ There are no allophonic variants of /ŋ/. Syllabic /ŋ/ Although occasionally a syllabic /ŋ/ may occur in the final position where / ∂ n/ is generally expected in words. Example- bacon, organ

18. Occurrence / ŋ / cannot occur at initial position but may occur in the middle and final position in a word. Example- Medial : finger Final : ring

19. Conclusion In this session we discussed about the nasals in English in detail like : What are nasals? What are the factors which describes nasals? Types of nasals- voiced bilabial nasal /m/, voiced alveolar nasal /n/ and voiced velar nasal /ŋ/. Their allophones occurrence and examples.