National park and biospher reserve conservation

nationale parks
biosphere reserve

1. NATIONAL PARKS AND BIOSPHERE RESERVE CONSERVATION Presented by Name – Gadhavi Payal M. M.Sc. Sem 2 (Botany) CBO – 405 Department of Life S ciences HNGU Patan

2. Contents National Parks - Introduction - Consevation Biosphere Reserve - Introduction - Conservation

3. NATIONAL PARKS CONSERVATION INTRODUCTION A national park is an area dedicated to conserve the scenery (or environment) and natural objects and the wildlife therein. In national parks, all private rights are non-existent and all forestry operations and other usages such as grazing of domestic animals are prohibited. However, the general public may enter it for the purpose of observation and study.

4. Certain parts of the park are developed for tourism in such a way that enjoyment will not disturb or scare the animals. The size of National Parks ranges from 0.04 to 3162 Km 2 ; the usual size being between 100 and 500 Km 2 ( in about 39% ) and between 500 and 1000 Km 2 ( in about 16% ).

5. The definition for National Park adopted by IUCN (1975) is as follows: A national park is a relatively large area where one or several ecosystems are not materially altered by human exploitation and occupation, where plant and animal species, geomorphological sites and habitats are of special scientific, educative of recreative interest or which contains a natural landscape of great beauty and where the highest competent authority of the country has taken steps to prevent or eliminate as soon as possible exploitation or occupation in the whole area and to enforce effectively the aspect of ecological, geomorphological or aesthetic features which have led to its establishment and where visitors are allowed to enter , under special conditions, for inspirational, cultural and recreative purposes.

6. Important National Parks in India Gir National park and Velavadar National Park – Gujarat Bandipur and Nagarhole National Park – Karnataka Kanha National park , Shivpuri National Park , Bandhavgarh National Park , Panna National Park – Madhya Pradesh Similipal National Park – Orissa Ranthambore National Park – Rajasthan Corbett National Park – Uttar Pradesh

7. BIOSPHERE RESERVE CONSERVATION INTRODUCTION Biosphere reserves have been described as undisturbed large natural areas for scientific study as well as areas in which conditions of disturbance are under control. They have been set aside for ecological research and habitat preservation. Recently, an international network of biosphere reserves, national parks and protected areas has been proposed to be set up under the MAB programme ( UNESCO, 1974) with the objective to conserve the diversity and integrity of natural plant and animal communities and to safeguard the genetic diversity of species for continued evolution.

8. Their chief important in the maintenance of the gene pools of living species. In the world in 1985, there were 243 biosphere reserves in 65 countries covering an area of over 115 million hectares. Biosphere reserves include natural,minimally disturbed, man-modified and degraded ecosystem. Biosphere reserve is a protected area for the whole ecosystem i.e., totality of all forms of life.

9. The biosphere reserve areas are divided into: ( i ) Corezone : representing natural and minimally disturbed ecosystems. (ii)Buffer zone : (A) Forestry zone – includes man-made forests and selected felling areas; (B) Tourism zone – includes specified areas for tourism, education and training; (c) Agricultural zone – includes tribel settlements and other cultivated lands (d) Restoration zone – includes degraded areas selected for restoration to natural conditions.

10. Simple Biosphere Reserve

11. As of January 1995, 324 biosphere reserves have been established in 82 countries. Biosphere reserves of the country qualify the essential criteria as described by Maldague (1984), they: Represents an ecological protectorate, Occur in a definite biogeographic province (biosphere reserves cover 9 out of the 12 biogeographical provinences ), Contain abundant genetic diversity ( India harbours nearly 45,000 plant and 65,000 animal species),

12. Have complete range of human interference Have structure and size sufficient to ensure efficient conservation, Have ample opportunities for research in ecology/environment, population , genetics, evolutionary biology, plant – animal interaction, eco- development, etc. and Receive adequate long-term legal protection

13. References Fundamentals of Environmental Biology - K.C.Agrawal Ecology - Subramanyam N S and Sambamurty A V S S

14. Indian Biosphere Reserves Namdapha ( Arunachal Pradesh ) Valley of flowers ( Uttar Pradesh ) Gulf of Mannar ( Tamil Nadu ) Sunderbans ( West Bengal ) Thar desert ( Rajasthan ) Manas ( Assam ) Little Rann of Kutch ( Gujarat ) Nanda Devi ( Uttar Pradesh ) Kaziranga ( Assam ) Kanha ( Madhya Pradesh )

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