Natural resource -PENINSULAR PLATEAU

PENINSULAR PLATEAU
Jharkhand
EFFECTS OF MINING ON ENVIRONMENT IN THE STATE OF JHARKHAND, INDIA

 


A plateau is a flat-topped table land.

Plateaus occur in every continent and take up a third of the Earths land.

They are one of the four major landforms, along with mountains, plains, and hills.

Plateaus, like mountains may be young or old. The Deccan plateau in India is one of the oldest plateaus.

Plateaus are very useful because they are rich in mineral deposits. As a result, many of the mining areas in the world are located in the plateau areas.

1. NATURAL RESOURCES
PENINSULAR PLATEAU
JHARKHAND
EFFECTS OF MINING ON ENVIRONMENT IN THE STATE OF JHARKHAND, INDI A
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI
GROUP MEMBERS:
•HAMZAH MERAJ
•NAZIA KHAN
•AIMAN NASEEM
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA

2. PLATEAU
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

3. •Aplateauisaflat-toppedtableland.
•PlateausoccurineverycontinentandtakeupathirdoftheEarthsland.
•Theyareoneofthefourmajorlandforms,alongwithmountains,plains,andhills.
•Plateaus,likemountainsmaybeyoungorold.TheDeccanplateauinIndiaisoneoftheoldest
plateaus.
•Plateausareveryusefulbecausetheyarerichinmineraldeposits.Asaresult,manyofthemining
areasintheworldarelocatedintheplateauareas.
PLATEAU
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

4. PHYSIOGRAPHIC
DIVISIONS OF INDIA
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

5. PENINSULAR PLATEAU
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6. PENINSULAR PLATEAU
FEATURES OF THE PENINSULAR PLATEAU
1.It covers a total area of about16 lakh sq
km(India as a whole is 32 lakh sqkm)
2.The average height of the plateau is600-900
mabove sea level.
3.Most of the peninsular rivers flow west to east
indicating it’s general slope.
4.The Peninsular Plateau is a one of the oldest
landforms of earth
5.Peninsular Plateau is an aggregation of several
smaller plateaus, hill ranges interspersed with
river basins and valleys.
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

7. Plateaus in the Peninsular Plateau
•2.1MarwarPlateau
•2.2Central Highland
•2.3BundelkhandUpland
•2.4MalwaPlateau
•2.5Baghelkhand
•2.6ChotanagpurPlateau
•2.7Meghalaya Plateau
Deccan Plateau
•3.1Maharashtra Plateau
•3.2Karnataka Plateau
•3.3Telanganaplateau
•3.4Chhattisgarh Plain
PENINSULAR PLATEAU
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

8. MARWARPLATEAU
ItistheplateauofeasternRajasthan.
Theaverageelevationis250-500mabovesealevel
•Itismadeupofsandstone,shalesandlimestones
oftheVindhayanperiod.
CENTRALHIGHLAND
•ItistotheeastoftheMarwarorMewarUpland.
•Itisarollingplateauwithroundedhillscomposedof
sandstone.Thickforestsgrowhere.
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

9. BAGHELKHAND
•SituatedinMadhyaPradesh
•Madeoflimestonesandsandstonesonthewest
andgraniteintheeast.
•Theregionisunevenwithgeneralelevationvarying
from150mto1,200m.
MALWAPLATEAU
•TheMalwaPlateauroughlyformsatrianglebased
ontheVindhyanHills,boundedbytheAravaliRange
inthewestandMadhyaBharatPathartothenorth
andBundelkhandtotheeast.
•Thisplateauhastwosystemsofdrainage;one
towardstheArabiansea,andtheothertowardsthe
BayofBengal
•Itiscomposedofextensivelavaflowandiscovered
withblacksoils.
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

10. BUNDELKHANDUPLAND
•Itistheolddissected(dividedbya
numberofdeepvalleys)uplandofthe
‘Bundelkhandgneiss’comprising
ofgraniteandgneiss.
•SpreadsoverfivedistrictsofUttar
PradeshandfourdistrictsofMadhya
Pradesh.
•Averageelevationof300-600mabove
sealevel
•Theareaismarkedbyachainofhillocks
(smallhill)madeofgraniteand
sandstone.
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

11. THE CHOTANAGPUR PLATEAU
The ChotaNagpur Plateau is a plateau in
eastern India, which covers much of
Jharkhand state.
The total area is approximately 65,000
square kilometres.
Its height ranges from 1100 m –300 m.
Important rivers –Damodar, Son, Bokaro,
Subarnarekha, Kanchi, Gaya, Koel, Karo,
Raru, Lilajan, Sankhetc.
ChotaNagpur plateau is a store house of
minerals like mica, bauxite,copper,
limestone, iron ore, and coal.
Important Cities --Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro,
Ramgarh, KaranpuraJamshedpur, Asansol,
Durhapur, Bardhaman, Ranchi etc
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

12. Jharkhand
"The Land of Forests"
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

13. GEOGRAPHY OF JHARKHAND
ThemajorpartofJharkhandstateissituatedinChotaNagpurPlateau,andis
coveredwithdenseforests.
JharkhandformspartoftheChhotanagpurplateauprovinceofthe
DeccanPeninsulaandisveryrichinnaturalresources.Nearly50%ofthe
country’smineralsarelocatedinthestate—ironandcoalbeingimportant
amongthemain.About30%ofitsgeographicalareaiscoveredwithforests.
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

14. Most of the workforce is engaged in agriculture, mining, quarrying, wage labour and
other livelihood based on forest produce.
As the repository of 40 per cent of the nation’s minerals, the State hosts some of the biggest
names in the domestic and global corporate turf from ArcelorMittal, Tata Steel, Jindal Steel &
Power, Jindal South West to the Ruiasof Essar.
In the name of national interest the Jharkhand area is witnessing a gigantic industrialization
and development process for the exploitation of its natural and human resources.
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

15. FORESTCOVERINJHARKHAND
Jharkhandislandofnaturalresources
andbecauseofitsextensiveforest,itis
referredasthe''Landofforests''.
About 29.61% of geographical area of
Jharkhand is covered with forests.
Today, the forest area extends to
23,605.47 sq. km.
Reserved Forest (RF):4,387.20 sq. km.
Protected Forest (PF):19,184.78 sq.km.
Unclassed Forest (UF):33.49 sq. km.
Total:23,605.47 sq. km.
(Courtesy: Dept. of Forests and Environment, govt. of Jharkhand)
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

16. Forest cover map of Jharkhand
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

17. (Abandon)
TheJharkhandFloraMostlyConsistsOfDry
AndMoistDeciduousForests.
AmongTheImportantTreesThatFormAn
ImportantPartOfTheFaunaAtJharkhand
AreSal,Jackfruit,Jamun,Kendu,
Gambhar,Shisham,Mahua,Katha,Lac,
Pesar,Mango,Aasan,BahedaAnd
Bamboo.
JHARKHAND FLORA
FAUNA OF JHARKHAND
Wolf
Elephant
Sambhar
Wild boar
Python
Squirrel
Blue bull
Jackal
Malabar giant
Tiger
Deer
Langur
Rhesus
Python
Wild cat, etc.
Among the major animals that form an
integral part ofJharkhand faunaare:
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

18. The mineral resources of the
state are as follows:
•Coal and Coal Bed Methane,
•Iron Ores, both Hematite &
Magnetite
•Poly-metallic base metal
ores like those of copper,
lead zinc, silver & gold as
well as separate deposits of
gold.
•Bauxite
•Limestone of various types
•Mica & associated precious
& semi precious Minerals &
gems,
•Graphite
(Courtesy: Dept. of Forests and Environment, govt. of Jharkhand)
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

19. •Soap stone (type of
metamorphic rock)
•Uranium & other Radio-
active Minerals
•Kyanite
•China Clay
•Dimensional, Decorative and
Ornamental stones.
(Courtesy: Dept. of Forests and Environment, govt. of Jharkhand)
Kyanite
Ornamental stonesChina Clay
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

20. TYPESOFSOILSINJHARKHAND
Redsoil:DamodarValley,Rajmahalarea
Micacioussoil(containsmicaparticles):
Koderma,Jhumeritilaiya,Barkagaonand
areasaroundMandarhill.
Blacksoil:Rajmahalarea
Sandysoil:HazaribaghandDhanbad
Lateritesoil:WesternpartofRanchi,
PalamuandsomepartsofSinghbhum
andSanthalParganas
(Courtesy: Dept. of Forests and Environment, govt. of Jharkhand)
Black soil
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

21. S.N.
NAME OF RIVER BASIN/ SUB-RIVER
BASIN
1Subernarekha River Basin
2Kharkai River Sub-Basin
3South Koel River Basin
4Barakar River Sub-Basin
5Damodar River Basin
6SankhRiver Basin
7North Koel River basin
8Punpun River Basin
9
Sone(Stem)-Kanhar and Kao-Gangi
River Composite Basin
10Mayurakshi River Basin
11Ajay River Basin
12Ganga Stem Basin
13Gumani and Koa-Bhena basin
14Belsai Chandan Chir River basin
15Harohar River Basin
16
Small Streams Draining Independentally
outside State
NAME OF RIVER BASIN/ SUB-RIVER BASIN
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

22. EFFECTS OF MINING ON
ENVIRONMENT IN THE STATE
OF JHARKHAND, INDIA
THE GREAT MINING MESS
The Fire Within -Coal Mining of Jharkhand
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

23. EFFECTS OF MINING ON ENVIRONMENT
IN THE STATE OF JHARKHAND, INDIA
•Miningisaveryprofitable
businessanditalsocreates
employmentopportunities.
•Itbenefitseveryoneincludingthe
governmentandthatiswhythe
miningindustryiswidely
supported.
The Fire Within -Coal Mining of Jharkhand
Jadugudauraniummine,Jharkhand:
Exposedlocalpeopletoradioactive
hazards.
Jhariacoalmines,Jharkhand:
Undergroundfireleadingtoland
subsidenceandforceddisplacementof
people.
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

24. OPEN CAST MINING (extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal
from anopen pit)is supposed to have the maximum impacts on the ecology. In this
system land is required not only for mining area but also for dumping of overburden
rock mass.
The impacts of mining are mentioned below.
1.Removal of vegetation (flora) has created pressure on fauna to leave the area required for mining
and other purposes. (deforestation)
2.Dust in atmospherecontributed to various activities may retard the growth of some of the plant
species in surrounding areas.
3.Noise and vibrations due to blasting, operation of the machines and transportation have
driven away small animals including wild animals and birds from nearby forests.
4.Topography and scenario has changed due to digging of open pits and dumping of
overburden weathered rock mass in the form of large heaps.
5.Ground water contamination
The Fire Within -Coal Mining of JharkhandJAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

25. The Fire Within -Coal Mining of JharkhandJAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

26. Excessiveundergroundmining,especiallyofcoal,iscausingsubsidenceoflandin
manyareasasaresultofwhichsuchlandshavebeenrenderedunsafefor
habitation,agricultureandgrazing.
In1980’sthecoalminingindustrybecameidentifiedas
amajorcauseofdamagetotheenvironment,with
morethan80sq.kms.oflandbeingdestroyedevery
year.
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

27. FORMATION OF SINKHOLES / LAND SUBSIDENCE
LandsubsidenceisagradualsettlingorsuddensinkingoftheEarth'ssurfaceowingto
subsurfacemovementofearthmaterials.
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

28. THE GREAT MINING MESS
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

29. JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

30. The Fire Within -Coal Mining of JharkhandJAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

31. IMPACT ON FOREST
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32. IMPACT ON FOREST:
•Becauseofthehighdemandithas
takenitstallonthestate-rampant
miningfordecadeshasturnedlarge
tractsofforestsintowastelands.
•Eliminatingofexistingvegetation
andalterationofsoilprofiledue
tominingoperations,including
shiftingofoverburdenandreject
dumps,havecausedseveresoil
erosionandgroundwaterlevel
hasgonedownanddegraded
theproductivecapacityof
thelandsinthearea.
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

33. SARANDA,oncesodensethateventhesun’srays
couldn’tpenetrateit,hasAsia’slargestSalforests
andisanimportantelephanthabitat.
Today,uncontrolledminingforironore,both
legalandillegal,isdestroyingnotjustthe
forest,butalsothewildlife,apartfromthe
livelihoodsofthelocaltribalcommunities.
TheforestcoverintheDAMODAR
valleycoalfield,once65percent,
standsatonly0.05percenttoday.
AccordingtotheForestSurveyofIndia’sState
ofForestReport,duringanassessmentpublishedin
1997,Jharkhandhad2.6millionhaofforest.
In1999,ithad2.2millionha,alossof0.4
millionhaofforestcover.
Duringthe80’s,coal
companiesacquiredthousands
ofhectaresofforestsin
Jharkhandforminingoperation
inDAMODARVALLEY.
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

34. EXPLOITATION OF VAST POTENTIAL OF FORESTS DUE TO THE FOLLOWING CAUSES
1.Commercial Demand
2.Raw Materials for Industrial
Use
3.Development Projects
4.Growing Food Demand
5.Fuel Requirement
6.Rapid explosion of human
and livestock population
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

35. IMPACT ON BIODIVERSITY
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

36. Miningactivitieshasbadlyaffectedthebiodiversityinthestate,likesoil
cover,animals,birds,plantspeciesetc.
Unsustainableminingofnaturalresourceshavebeenakeyfactorfor
degradationofbiodiversity.
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

37. METHODS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF
NATURAL RESOURCES
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

38. METHODS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF
NATURAL RESOURCES
1.Insteadofdeforestation,representationshould
keepinmind.WeshouldtakehelpfromtheGovt,
forplantationprogrammes.Everybodyshould
takepartinplantationandcaretheplants.
2.Peopleshouldatoncestoptheoverutilization
ofnaturalresourcesinsteadtheymustbe
properlyused.
3.Weshouldmakehabitforwastedisposal,
composeandtorestorebiodiversity.
4.Mixedcropping,croprotation,andproperuse
offertilizer,insecticideandpesticidesshouldbe
taughttofarmers.Encouragetheuseofmanures,
biofertilizersandorganicfertilizers.
5.Weshouldprotectwildlife.Thoughhuntingis
notallowedeventhenthepersonsaredoingso.
Forthiseducatedyoungshouldteachthelesson
ofwildlifeact.
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

39. 6.Wemustdevelopenergysaving
methodstoavoidwastageofenergy.
Weshouldremember"energysaved
isenergyproduced."
7.Usedripirrigationandsprinkling
irrigationtoimproveirrigation
efficiencyandreduceevaporation.
8.Utilizerenewableenergysourcesas
muchaspossible.Encourageuseof
solarcooker,pumpetc.
9.Weshouldrecyclethewasteand
wastewaterforagriculturepurposes.
10.Installrainwaterharvesting
systeminhouses,colonies.
11.Trytoeducatelocalpeopleforthe
protectionandjudicioususeof
naturalresources.
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

40. Followingstepsmaybeadoptedto
conservemineralresources:
1.Makingfinishedproductstolast
longer
2.Useoflessprecioussubstitutes.
3.Renovation,recyclingandreuseof
metals.
4.Applyingeffectivetechniquesto
recovermaterialsfromminerals.
5.Searchofnewearth’streasures.
6.Protectionofexistingmineral
deposits.
CONSERVATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

41. CASES: POLLUTION
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

42. DAMODAR POLLUTION
Infact,theDamodar,the‘sorrow
ofBengal’hasnowabecomea
causeofsorrowfortheentire
nation.Itisprobablyoneofthe
mostpollutedriversinthe
countrytoday,thankstomining
operationsandindustriesthat
havesproutedonitsmineral-
richbanks.
TheDamodarriverbasinisa
repositoryofapproximately46%
oftheIndiancoalreserves.
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

43. “RiverofSorrow” “RiverofAgony”
SUBARNAREKHA RIVER: FUTURE
IS BLEAK
Theonlystreaksvisibleintheriverare
thoseofdomestic,industrialor-
incredibly-radioactivepollution.
Quarryingofconstructionmaterial,
suchasgranite,basalt,quartzite,
dolerite,sandstone,limestone,
dolomite,gravel,andevensand,has
createdvaststretchesofwastelandinthe
riverbasin.
Subarnarekhaalsohastobear
radioactivewastethatentersthe
riverthroughseepagefromtailingponds
oftheUraniumCorporationofIndiaat
Jadugoda
Itisquitelikeasewage
canalshrunkenandfilled
withfilthandrubbish,
emanating obnoxious
odours.
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

44. GOVERNMENT ACTION
Governmentactionhasbeenallbutabsentinthe
basin.
AlthoughtheNationalRiverConservation
Plan(NRCP)intendstocleandomesticwaste
generatedfromJamshedpur,RanchiandGhatsila,
industrialpollutionandrunofffromminesis
supposedtobetackledbyrespectiveStatePollution
ControlBoards.
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

45. JHARKHAND MOVEMENT
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

46. JHARKHAND MOVEMENT
Coal mining in this region had started in the year 1856 itself. In the year 1907, the
Tata Iron and Steel Factory was established in Jamshedpur.
The Jharkhand region has much economic importance as it contributes to 75 per
cent of the revenue of Bihar. The government began acquiring the lands
of the tribals, which left the tribalswith very less compensation.
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

47. The government also felt that as the soils of the regions are poor, industrialization of such area
would also help in providing employment for the local people. However, there waslarge
influx of outsiders due to the industrial development and the local people began to feel
inferior that they were not being employed in sufficient numbers.
In 1971, the nationalization of mines resulted in violence, 50,000 miners of Jharkhand were
fired and replaced by outsiders.
The government acquired lands for building dams and reservoirs. According to some
observers, very little of the water and electricity produced were supplied
to the region.
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

48. REFERENCE
Ambient SPM concentration around rock crushing industries of Daltonganj, Gumlatowns, Jharkhand
and associated health effects. 2003, by D. Mishra, D. K. Bhattacharya and V. C. Barla.InEnvironmental
Management in Mines, edited by B. K. Shrivastva, R. Kumar and A. Jamal.
Priyadarshi, N.: Arsenic in DamodarpoisoningWest Bengal. Indian Express, July 12, 1998.
Priyadarshi, N. 2004. Distribution of arsenic in Permian Coals of North Karanpuracoalfield, Jharkhand.
Jour. Geol. Soc. India, 63, 533-536.
Areeparampil, M.SJ. (!995). Displacement due to mining in Jharkhand, in Mining Environment, B.D.
Bhagatand D.N. Thakur (Eds.), Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi.
Singh, J. (1985),UpperDamodarValley: A study in Settlement Geography, Inter-India Publication,New
Delhi.
Citizens report-Rich lands and poor people (2008),Centre for Science and Environment,New Delhi.
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI

49. …………
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA, NEW DELHI