nature and scope of science

science

1. Made by: Zunaira

2. Content list
What is Science
The Nature of science
 Three different facets of
Science
A Body of Knowledge (Content)
Facts & concepts
Hypothesis
Theory
 Science the Process(Inquiry)
 Processes of Science 
Science as attitudes (Context)
Conclusion
References

3. What is Science? 
As a way to
explore nature As
a subject to
understand the
secrets of the
universe As a
long list of facts
to be memorized

4. The Nature of science : 
The Nature of science Science is a process of
finding facts, laws, principles, and concepts
but the content does not represent science.
Science is the quest for knowledge, not the
knowledge itself. The nature of science is to
investigate through experiences and then to
logically explain the data gained through those
experiences.

5. Three different facets of Science
Three different
facets of Science
can be described as
a process (Inquiry),
a set of ideas/ a
body of knowledge
(Content), and a set
of attitudes
(Context).
A body of
knowledge
(content)
Science as
attitudes
(context)
Science as
process
(inquiry)

6.  
A Body of Knowledge (Content) : 
•A Body of Knowledge (Content) Content
knowledge is the background information that
we use as the basis for further exploration and
experimentation, and it is the foundation on
which new technologies and practical solutions
are built. Content can be subdivided among
the classic branches of science: biology,
chemistry, physics, and earth/space science.

7. Facts & concepts
  Facts & concepts Fact ... things that are
observable and indisputable. something
thought to be true, that actually exists.
because of their actual existence facts can be
checked; e.g water will not dissolve oil. Water
has three phases. Metal piece jumps towards
the magnet.
 Concept.. is a specific idea abstracted from
particular instances. e.g three states of
matter.

8. Hypothesis
 
Hypothesis It is a tentative answer to the
scientific question.
A testable explanation for what was observed.
 A hypothesis is not an observation, rather, a
tentative explanation for the observation
It is based on the previous knowledge, facts,
and general principals.

9. Theory :
Theory In popular usage, a theory is just a
vague and fuzzy sort of fact and a hypothesis
is often used as a fancy synonym to `guess'.
 A theory is a generalization based on many
observation and experiments. 

10. Principle or Law
•Stands the test of time, often without change
•experimentally proven over and over
•can create true predictions for different
situations
•has uniformity and is universal terms used to
describe theories that are so well supported
they are generally thought to be "facts".
Theories become Laws (e.g., the Law of
Gravity) when they are shown to be absolutely
correct for the conditions to which they apply. 

11. Science the Process(Inquiry) 
Science the
Process(Inquiry) List
as many scientific
processes as you can.
 
 After viewing the next
slide describe how you
used at least six of the
processes within the
past week.

12. Processes of Science 
•Processes of
Science It is
through the
processes of
science that
knowledge is
gained.
• Scientists collect
information by using
process skills
Process
skill
Observing Observing
ClassifyingClassifying
MeasuringMeasuring
RelationshipRelationship
PredictingPredicting
Formulating Formulating
hypothesishypothesis

13. Science the Process 
Problem solving and
applying
Controlling variables
Operationally
defining
Observing and
recording Using
equations and math
Interpreting data  
Processes
Classifying
Experimenting
Modeling
 Measuring
Communicating
Predicting
Examples of Scientific
Processes  
Examples of Scientific
Processes

14. Science as attitudes (Context)
Science includes a set of attitudes that
encourage people to engage in scientific
study.
Attitudes
Open mindedness
Willingness
Collaborate
Wonder

15. Scientific Attitudes
•Scientific Attitudes curiosity to explore their
environment and question what they find
• keenness to identify and answer questions through
carrying out investigations
.creativity in suggesting novel and relevant ways to
solve problems
• open-mindedness to accept all knowledge as tentative
and to change their view if the evidence is convincing
• perseverance in pursuing a problem until a satisfying
solution is found
• concern for living things and awareness of the
responsibility they have for the quality of the
environment 

16. What is not included in Science
1. Science does not make ethical or
moral judgments.
2. There is no "good or bad", "right or
wrong" in science.
3. Value judgments are made by
people

17. Part V... Responsibilities
Responsibilities It the
responsibility of
"mankind" to understand
how information is
obtained through the
scientific processes and
to make informed ethical
decisions on the use of
that information.

18. The Three Facts of Science are
Interrelated
•The Three Facets of Science
are Interrelated Inquiry begins
with an understanding of
current content knowledge.
• Inquiry produces new
content understanding.
• Context sets the goals and
rationale for inquiry.
• Content knowledge is used
in new technologies that
affect the societal context.
•Content knowledge
influences policy-making

19. Conclusion
 These three facets of science should form the
framework of any understanding of what science
is, what science does, and how science
education should be planned, conducted, and
evaluated, from kindergarten through graduate
school. In schools, we often teach only what a
specific field of science knows, not the genuine
nature of science.

20. Ziman, John (1978). Reliable knowledge: An
exploration of the grounds for belief in science.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Poincare's.(2003).science and method. New
York.
E.L.youmans.(1872).popular science monthly.
New York.