Need Theory Virginia Henderson Theory

Medical Surgical Nursing 1
Need Theory Virginia Henderson Theory
Bsc Nursing
Author. Akal Lobenyo Morris

1. GROUP4 MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING 1 🩺✂💉

2. MEMBERS CALEB WANYONYI 21-2220 AKAL MORRIS 21-2668 TONY BARAKA 21-2114 ASNATH MAKORI 21-2853 SOFIA MURIUNGI 21-2755 TRACY MURANDE 22-0173 NEDDY CHELANGAT 21-2315 VINCENT KIBUNGEI 21-2435 MACHUKA DAVID 21-22325 HADEN NYAMIAKA 21-2340

3. Virginia Henderson – Need Theory “Nightingale of Modern Nursing” Diploma in Nursing from the Army School of Nursing at Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D.C. in 1921 In 1923, started teaching nursing at the Norfolk Protestant Hospital in Virginia In 1929, entered Teachers College at Columbia University for Bachelor’s Degree in 1932, Master’s Degree in 1934 Joined Columbia as a member of the faculty, until 1948 Since 1953, a research associate at Yale University School of Nursing

4. CONTINUATION She received honorary doctoral degrees from the Catholic University of America, Pace University, University of Rochester, University of Western Ontario, Yale University Recipient of numerous recognition. Died: March 19, 1996

5. Motivation for Theory DeVELOPMENT Identified 14 basic needs Nurse functions to assist clients in performing activities contributing to health, recovery, or peaceful death Henderson recognized the unique functions of the nurse were To assist the individual, the sick, the well Assist patients to be able to perform activities contributing to health or its recovery Help the patient perform functions they could not do

6. Cont’d Virginia Henderson's defined nursing as follows: "The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge. And to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible" (Henderson, 1966)

7. Henderson's PhilosophY Henderson's philosophy emphasizes the functions of the nurse along with a list of basic patient needs that are to be the focus of nursing care • Henderson's main focus was on patient care and increasing independence • Henderson theory was developed on 14 basic needs for her patients • Her concepts were based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs( Physiological, safety, Love, Esteem and self actualization)

8. Henderson's PhilosOPHY CONT’D While a nurse's job is to care for patients, it also helps patients to able to care for themselves when they leave the health care facility“ Maslow relative to Henderson: 14 Components of her need theory mirrors Maslow's Hierarchy of needs by her humanism approach. Henderson also felt patient's once independent, a patient could accomplish these needs. Conversely, the nurse was there to facilitate this process when the patient was unable to accomplish this in a compromised state. Henderson Goal: Henderson wasn't concerned with a personal nursing theory per se, rather define a unique nursing practice in the care of patients

9. Characteristics of Henderson’s THEORY Her definition and components are logical in nature Her work can be applied to the health of individuals of all ages. Her ideas of nursing practice are well accepted throughout the world as a basis for nursing ( globally accepted)

10. Understanding Henderson’s theory Virgina Henderson's background was developed during the era of nursing and medicine where patient's needs were of primary concern. As such, her theory is often called a "Needs Theory". Henderson views the nursing process as "really the application of the logical approach to the solution of a problem. The steps are those of the scientific method." "Nursing process stresses the science of nursing rather than the mixture of the science and art on which it seems effective health care services of any kind is based."

11. Henderson's 14 Basic Needs of the Patient Breathe normally Eat and drink adequately Eliminate body wastes Move and maintain desirable postures Sleep and rest Select suitable clothes-dress and undress Maintain body temperature within normal range by adjusting clothing and modifying the environment Keep the body clean and well groomed and protect the integument

12. Henderson's 14 Basic Needs of the Patient cont’d Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinions. Worship according to one’s faith Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment Play or participate in various forms of recreation Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal development and health and use the available health facilities

13. Assumptions of need theory The patient is the center of the nursing process and the focus of care. The patient has inherent needs that must be met in order to promote health and well-being. The nurse's role is to assess the patient's needs, assist in meeting those needs, and evaluate the effectiveness of the care provided. The patient is a whole person, with physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs that must be considered in care planning. The patient's autonomy and self-care abilities should be promoted and supported.

14. Cont’d Care should be provided in a holistic and individualized manner, taking into account the patient's unique circumstances and preferences. The nurse should use a problem-solving approach to care, identifying and addressing issues as they arise. The nurse should work in collaboration with other healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive care for the patient. The nurse should strive to educate and empower the patient to take an active role in their own care. The nurse should strive to continually improve the care provided by staying current with new knowledge and research in nursing practice.

15. Strength of need theory Clear and concise : The theory is easy to understand and apply in practice, making it accessible to a wide range of healthcare professionals. Focuses on patient-centered care : The theory emphasizes the importance of meeting the patient's needs and promoting their independence, rather than simply treating their illness. Holistic approach : The theory takes into account the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs of the patient, rather than just focusing on their medical condition. Evidence-based: The theory is based on a thorough review of literature and research, ensuring that it is grounded in scientific evidence .

16. Cont’d Adaptable : The theory can be applied to different settings and populations, making it a versatile tool for healthcare professionals. Emphasizes the importance of effective communication : The theory stresses the importance of clear and effective communication between healthcare professionals and patients, in order to meet the patient's needs. Promotes patient autonomy : The theory encourages patients to take an active role in their care and decision-making, promoting their autonomy and independence.

17. Weaknesses of need theory Limited scope : The Henderson Need Theory focuses primarily on the needs of patients in hospitals and healthcare settings, and may not be as applicable to other types of healthcare settings such as primary care or community healthcare. Lack of attention to emotional and psychological needs : The theory primarily focuses on physical needs, and may not take into account the emotional and psychological needs of patients, which are also important for overall well-being. Lack of attention to cultural and social factors : The theory does not address how cultural and social factors may impact a patient's healthcare needs and experiences.

18. Cont’d Limited involvement of patients and families : The theory primarily focuses on the role of healthcare professionals in meeting patient needs, and may not take into account the importance of involving patients and families in the healthcare process. Simplistic approach : The theory's focus on 14 basic needs may be too simplistic and may not take into account the complex needs and experiences of patients. Lack of attention to the patient's spiritual needs : Henderson's theory does not take into account the spiritual needs of patients which is an important aspect of overall well-being.

19. How need theory can be applied in nursing Virginia Henderson's need theory can be applied in nursing by focusing on the 14 basic needs of the patient. These needs include the need for food and water, elimination, sleep and rest, communication, worship or spiritual expression, work and play, comfort, safety, and health education . The need for food and water: Nurses can ensure that patients have access to adequate nutrition and hydration to support their healing and recovery. Elimination: Nurses can assist patients with toileting, catheterization, or other elimination needs to promote comfort and prevent infections. Sleep and rest: Nurses can help create a comfortable and quiet environment for patients to rest and sleep, which is essential for healing and recovery. Communication: Nurses can provide patients with the necessary tools and support for communication, such as language translation or sign language interpretation. Worship or spiritual expression: Nurses can support patients in their religious or spiritual practices and provide access to chaplains or other spiritual caregivers.

20. Cont’d Work and play: Nurses can provide patients with activities that promote engagement and stimulation, such as hobbies or games. Comfort: Nurses can provide comfort measures such as pain management, skin care, and emotional support. Safety: Nurses can ensure the safety of the patient by implementing safety protocols and monitoring the patient's condition. Health education: Nurses can provide patients with information about their health condition, treatment options, and self-care strategies. By focusing on these basic needs, nurses can help promote healing and recovery for patients.

21. references Henderson, V. (1990). The nature of nursing: A definition and its implications for practice, research, and education. New York: National League for Nursing Press. Alligood, M. R. (2010). Nursing theorists and their work. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby. Meleis , A. I. (2012). Theoretical nursing: Development and progress. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Chinn, P. L., & Kramer, M. K. (2018). Integrated theory and knowledge development in nursing (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

22. Questions😎 Thank for your attention