Needle free injections

Needle free injections eliminates the needle from the conventional i.v. route which helps in patient compliance and also novel drug delivery systems.

1. Needle Free Injections: A Novel drug delivery approach Mr. Deepak v. shanbhag m.pharm first year Department of pharmaceutical quality assurance Bharati vidyapeeth college of pharmacy, kolhapur. 1

2. Index Introduction to needle free technology. Mechanism.  Needle vs Needle Free injections. Types of needle free injections. Advantages and Disadvantages of needle free injections.  Conclusion.  References. 2

3. Introduction to Needle Free technology.   Needle free injection systems are innovative ways to introduce a variety of medicines in patients without piercing the skin.  These systems work by the mechanism in which liquid medication is forced at an elevated speed through a small orifice that is held against the skin.  Due to this an ultrafine stream of high pressure fluid is created, that penetrates the skin devoid of the use of a needle, thus faster administration of drug occurs as compared to conventional needles. Needle-free systems are designed to solve the problems making them safer, less expensive, and more convenient. It is anticipated that these systems will increase the incidence of vaccination and reduce the amount of prescribed antibiotics.  3

4. Mechanism Needle-free injection technology uses force generated by a compressed gas to propel the vaccine at high velocity through a tiny orifice.  When administered through the skin, an ultrafine stream of fluid penetrates the skin, delivering the vaccine in a fraction of a second to the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and intramuscular tissue. The diameter of the orifice is smaller than the diameter of a human hair. This creates an ultrafine stream of high-pressure fluid that penetrates the skin without using a needle. 4

5. Mechanism- Layers of skin 5

6. Mechanism 6

7. Manufacturing of needle free injections.    Making the pieces- The first step requires the production of the component plastic pieces from plastic pellets. This is done by a process called injection molding. Pellets of plastic are put into a large holding bin on an injection molding machine. They are heated to make them flowable.  Assembling and labeling The parts are next transported to an assembly line. In this production phase various events occur. Machines apply markings that show dose levels and force measurements. These machines are specially calibrated so each printing is made precisely. Depending on the complexity of the device, human workers or machines may assemble the devices. This involves inserting the various pieces into the main housing and attaching any buttons.  Packaging After the assembly step, the injection devices are put into packaging. They are first wrapped in sterile films and then put into cardboard or plastic boxes. Each part is packaged so movement is minimal to prevent damage.  7

8. Needle vs Needle Free Injections   Cost efficiency. Worker Safety.  Sterility.  Pork Safety.  Proper Dosage. 8

9. Types of Needle Free Injections  Needle free technologies are of three types: Powder Injections. Liquid Injections. Depot of Projectile injections. Nano- Patch. Jet Pressure Needle free Injection 9

10. Types of Needle Free injections 10

11. Advantages of Needle Free Injections  Eliminates needle Phobia. Increases patient compliance and vaccination rate. Elimination of broken needles. Consistent vaccine delivery. Higher dispersion pattern. Elimination of worker needle handling. Elimination of needle disposal. Lower pain and mental stress. 11

12. Disadvantages of needle free injection  Higher Start up costs.  Trained Personnel. Lack of worker confidence.  Wetness associated with residual vaccine on the skin surface. 12

13. Future Projection of needle free injection.  Companies are working on producing devices that are harmless, easier to use & can deliver more types of medicines. In the near future, genetically enhanced foods may prove as an alternative for the delivery of vaccines and other drugs. These include foods like bananas and tomatoes. Scientists are also investigating methods for producing long lasting drugs that will minimize the number of needle injections. Nowadays plastic and fiber associated needle free jet systems are used and In future there might be usage of biodegradable materials. 13

14. Conclusion. Needle-free injection systems have potential to improve efficiencies. Major advantages of needle-free systems are the elimination of broken needles, a more constant delivery of vaccines and drugs, and decreased worker safety risk. Needle free injection systems are customizable to each operation and can be modified to optimize productivity. However, implementing a needle-free system can be challenging. Workers require training and education regarding any new technique. Start-up and training costs may also affect the interest in this technology for some pork producers. Needle free injection technology offers effective injectors for a wide range of drugs & bioequivalent to needles and syringes. Needle free devices have demonstrated consistent delivery to the epidermis, the dermis, the subcutaneous and the intramuscular space. They offer less pain, avoid needle stick injuries and contamination, allows self administration and results in no needle phobia and are thus strongly preferred by the patients. Some of them are ideally suited to chronic injections of varying doses of insulin, proteins and monoclonal antibodies. 14

15. References   Rapolu Bharat Kumar, Needle free Systems, The Pharma Innovation, The Pharma Journal,Vol.1 2012; 57-72.   http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Needle-free-Injection-System.html 15

16. 16 THANK YOU