NEPHRON AND ITS FUNCTIONS.pptx

nephron its function

1. NEPHRON AND ITS FUNCTIONS & DISORDERS OF KIDNEY

2. NEPHRON Functional and structural unit of kidney Approximately 1 million nephrons are there. Each nephron have two components VASCULAR COMPONENT TUBULAR COMPONENT

3. Nephron (Tubular component) Hollow, fluid – filled tube Single layer of epithelial cells COMPONENTS Bowman’s capsule Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Descending limb (thin) Ascending limb (thick and thin part) Distal convoluted tubule Collecting duct Juxtaglomerular apparatus

4. Bowman’s capsule- expanded double walled invagination that cups around the glomerulus to collect fluid from the glomerular capillaries. From bowman’s capsule, filtered fluid passes into PCT. PCT lies entirely in the cortex, From PCT , fluid passes into loop of Henle (LH) Loop of Henle – forms U-shaped or hair pin loop , LH dips into renal medulla. LH- descending limb of LH goes from cortex to medulla and ascending limb of LH passes from medulla to cortex Ascending limb of LH forms distal convoluted tubule(DCT). DCT lies in cortex.

5. Nephron (Vascular component)

6. Renal artery enters the kidney and forms afferent arteriole which supplies each nephron Afferent arteriole delivers blood to the glomerulus Glomerular capillaries rejoin to form another arteriole – the efferent arteriole. The blood that was not filtered in the glomerulus goes to efferent arteriole. Efferent arteriole gives second set of capillaries , the peritubular capillaries, which supply the renal tissue and are important in exchange with tubular system (peritubular means around the tubular system)

7. TYPES OF NEPHRON CORTICAL NEPHRON JUXTAMEDULLARY NEPHRON Loop of Henle’s is short and extend only a little into medulla. Loop of Henle’s are very long and extend deep into medulla. The glomeruli lie close to the inner margin of the cortex. The glomeruli lie in the outer cortex.

8. Disorders of Kidney UREMIA - Malfunctioning of kidneys can lead to accumulation of urea in blood . RENAL CALCULI - Stone or insoluble mass of crystallized salts (oxalates, etc.) formed within the kidney. GLOMERULONEPHRITIS- Inflammation of glomeruli of kidney .