Neuroscience : Three kinds of Aphasia.pptx

Neurobiology ,this slides are about 3 kinds of aphasia

1. Hedyie Mashhadi Lnaguage Broca's aphasia,

2. Aphasia Aphasia happens when a part of the brain associated with language (the frontal lobe, the temporal lobe, or the parietal lobe) is damaged. It is most common after a stroke but can also be caused by a traumatic brain injury, a brain tumor, or an infection of the brain . The three main types of aphasia, which involve trouble speaking, writing, or understanding language, include Broca's, Wernicke's, and global aphasia .

3. Broca's aphasia working of first type of aphasia Not being able to understand language perfectly No motor deficits of tongue or mouth Repeating words and phrases over and over Be able to whistle , isolated words or a melody Not being able of creating complex grammar or sentence or writing ideas Broca studied 8 patients with lesions in brain and in all of them the lesion was located in heft cerebral hemisphere => we speak with left hemisphere !

4. Wernicke’s aphasia working of 2 type of aphasia Failure of comprehension rather than speech Be able to form words String together words that don't make sense (logorrhea) Use words that are unrecognizable Have difficulty repeating words back to someone

5. Major areas of cerebral cortex involved in language A. The four lobes of the cerebral cortex. The motor and somatic sensory areas of the cortex are separated by the central sulcus . B. Areas involved in language. Wernicke’s area processes auditory input for language and is important for understanding speech. It lies near the primary auditory cortex and the angular gyrus , which combines auditory input with information from other senses. Broca’s area controls the production of intelligible speech. It lies near the region of the motor area that controls the mouth and tongue movements that form words. Wernicke’s area communicates with Broca’s area by a bidirectional pathway, part of which is made up of the arcuate fasciculus

6. Third types of aphasia : known as “ global aphasia” Global aphasia after a stroke occurs when the brain damage is so widespread that it involves more than one left-hemisphere language area, leading to both Broca's and Wernicke’s aphasia symptoms. Problems speaking or repeating words Severe difficulty with understanding words, sentences, and concepts Inability to read or write