Non ferrous alloys.ppt

NON FERROUS ALLOYS

1. Non-Ferrous Alloys
ME-02 – Material Science & Metallurgy
150010119075 – Pinkal Patel
150010119078 – Ronak Patel
150010119081 – Yash Patel

Guided by: Prof. D. J. Darji

2. Non-Ferrous Alloys
•As the name suggests, the material which do not contain
iron as major element are known as Non - Ferrous
materials.
1.Aluminium
2.Copper
3.Tin
4.Lead
5.Magnesium
6.Zinc
7.Titanium
•And alloys of these metals.

3. Aluminium & aluminium
alloys
Pure Al Al-alloys Powder aluminium
Deformable Cast alloys
alloys
Heat- Non heat- Heat- Non heat-
treatable treatable treatable treatable
Partial
solubility
No
solubility
Partial
solubility
No
solubility

4. Aluminium alloys
Solubility
1)Al-Cu-Mg-alloys (duraluminium) Cu → 5,7%
2)Al-Cu-Mg-Si-alloys (forgable) Mg → 14,9%
3)Al-Mg-Si-alloys (corrosion resistance)
4)Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-alloys (high strength)
5)Al-Cu-Mg-Ni-Fe-alloys (heat resistance)
R
m
→ 500 N/mm
2
; R
p0,2
→ 390 N/mm
2
; A → 25%

5. Copper and copper alloys
Pure Cu Cu-alloys
Brasses Bronzes Cupronickels
Deformable Cast Deformable Cast
alloys alloys alloys alloys
•Moderate strength in the pure
state
•Malleable and ductile
•Very good electrical and thermal
conductor
•Good corrosion resistance
•Alloys with Zinc to give brass
•Alloys with Tin and others to
make bronze

6. Copper alloys
Cu-Ni alloys (→ 50% Ni)
-permanent CTE
(constantan) – 45% Ni
-corrosion resistant
(Ni+Fe+Mn) – 30% Ni
Cu with other elements - bronzes
-Cu-Sn (tin bronzes)
-Cu-Sn-P (phosphor bronzes)
-Cu-Pb (lead bronzes)
-Cu-Al (aluminium bronzes)
Cu - 25% Ni
(coin melhior, cupronickel)
Cu - 10-20% Ni + 20-35% Zn
(new silver, alpaca)
-Cu-Si (silicon bronzes)
-Cu-Be (beryllium bronzes)

7. Lead and lead alloys
•High Density
•Corrosion Resistant
•Malleable, but not ductile
•Very soft and weak

8. Magnesium and magnesium
alloys
Pure Mg
T
m
– 649 °C
Density – 1740 kg/m
3
(lightest among the engineering materials)
Mg-alloys
-Mg – Mn (up to 2,5 %)
-Mg – Al – Zn (up to 10 % Al, 5 % Zn)
Heat treatment of Mg-alloys
Similar to Al-alloys
Quenching + age hardening (NA, AA → MgZn
2, Mg
4Al
3 jt) → R
m ↑ 20
… 30 %

9. Magnesium alloys
Designation
•deformable (ex MgMn2)
•cast alloys (ex designation MCMgAl8 / material No. MC21110)
Deformable Mg-alloys
Mg cast alloys (EN173)
DesignationR
m
Rp
0,2
N/mm
2
A
%
Applications
MgMn2
MgAl8Zn
200 145
310 215
15
6
Corrosion resistant, weldable
cold formable; conteiners, car ,
aircraft and machine
manufacturing
MCMgAl8Zn1
MCMgAl6
MCMgAl4Si
240 90
190-250 120-150
200-250 120-150
8
4-14
3-12
Good castability.
Dynamically loadable. Car
and aircraft manufacturing.

10. Zinc and zinc alloys
Pure Zn
T
m
– 419 °C
Density – 7140 kg/m3
Good corrosion resistance
Zn- alloys ____________________________________
Zn – Al Precision casting material
Zn – Al – Cu Bearing alloy material
Designation Material No.
ex ZnAl8Cu1 ZP0810
Z – Zn-alloy
P – casting
first two numbers – Al%, 3.
─
Cu%, 4.–T- rest

•No structural engineering uses in pure state
•Used as sacrificial anodes to protect steel.
•Used as an alloy with copper to produce brass
•Used to corrosion coat steel by:
•Galvanising or
•Plating

11. Zinc cast alloys

DesignationR
m
N/mm
2
R
po,2
N/mm
2
A
%
HB Application
ZnAl4
(ZP3)
280 200 10 83 Excellent castability,
ZnAl4Cu1
(ZP5)
330 250 5 92 machinability;
ZnAl8Cu1
(ZP8)
370 220 8 100Universal applications:
ZnAl11Cu1
(ZP12)
400 300 5 100deep-draw and blow
molds for plastics
ZnAl27Cu2
(ZP27)
425 300 2,5120

12. Titanium and titanium alloys
Pure Ti
T
m
– 1660 °C
Density – 4540 kg/m
3
Very active to O, C, N → 2x hardnes increase
Ti-alloys, classification
Ti – Al – alloys (4…6 % Al) – a-alloys
Ti – Al – Cr, V, Cu, Mo - alloys – a + b-alloys
Ti – Al – Mo, Cr, Zr - alloys – b-alloys
Heat treatment of Tialloys
Heating up to b-area (850…950 °C) and cooling ® martensitic
transformation.
Ageing (450…600 °C) – max effect by b-stabilisators
(Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Si)
Additional heat treatment – nitriding (750…900 HV)

13. Titanium alloys

DesignationHB R
m
N/mm
2
R
po,2
N/mm
2
A
%
Applications
Ti 1…3 120-
170
290-
590
180-
320
30-
18
Weldable,
machinable and
cold formable.
Ti1Pd,
Ti2 Pd
120-
150
290-
540
180-
250
30-
22
Corrosion resistant
light constructions.
TiAl6V4 310 900-
920
830-
870
8 Machine elements
in medicine, food,
ZnAL11Cu1
(ZP12)
350 ³ 10501050 9 chemical and
aircraft industry.
Advantages:
• highest specific strength
• good formability
Disadvantages:
• need for a protective atmosphere at HT (Ar)
• problematically casted (reacting with ladle material, ZrO
2
must be used)

14. References
•www.wikipedia.org
•www.altonmaterials.com
•Material Science and Engineering by Callister