Non mendelian inheritance

Non-Mendelian Inheritance: Incomplete Dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple Alleles, Pleiotropy, Lethality, Polygenic Traits, and Environmental Factors

1. N D E L I A N O N M E N I N H E R I T A N C E

2. NON MENDELIAN INHERITANCE INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE CO-DOMINANCE MULTIPLE ALLELES PLEITROPY LETHALITY POLYGENIC TRAITS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

3. INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE It is when a  dominant allele , or form of a  gene , does not completely mask the effects of a  recessive allele , and the  organism ’s resulting physical appearance shows a blending of both alleles. SEMI DOMINANCE PARTIAL DOMINANCE

4. INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

5. A.  A pink flower produced from red and white flowers B.  A flower that is both red and white produced from red and white flowers C.  Curly-haired and straight-haired individuals producing wavy-haired offspring D.  A highly spotted dog and a non-spotted dog producing puppies with a few spots INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE Which is NOT an example of incomplete dominance? B.  A flower that is both red and white produced from red and white flowers

6. CO-DOMINANCE It occurs when two versions, or “alleles,” of the same  gene  are present in a living thing, and both are expressed.

7. CO-DOMINANCE

8. A.  A child of parents with blood types A and B, who has AB blood type. B.  A calf of a red cow and a white cow, who has a roan coat consisting of red and white hairs. C.   A child of a parent with blue eyes and a parent with brown eyes, who has brown eyes. D. A flower offspring of red and white flowers, which has both red and white petals. CODOMINANCE Which of the following is NOT an example of codominance? C.  A child of a parent with blue eyes and a parent with brown eyes, who has brown eyes.

9. MULTIPLE ALLELES They exist in a  population  when there are many variations of a  gene  present. In organisms with two copies of every gene, also known as  diploid  organisms, each  organism  has the ability to express two alleles at the same time.

10. MULTIPLE ALLELES Drosophilia melanogaster

11. A.  It is not important. B.  Stable organisms ensure that the experiment can be repeated. C.   More variety is good for research. MULTIPLE ALLELES Often, breeders of animals aim to breed “true” lines. This means that generation after generation, the animals will look almost exactly the same, and the number of different alleles in a population is reduced. Why would this be important for scientific research? B.  Stable organisms ensure that the experiment can be repeated.

12. PLEITROPY It refers to the expression of multiple  traits  by a single  gene . These expressed traits may or may not be related. GENE PLEITROPY DEVELOPMENTAL PLEITROPY SELECTIONAL PLEITROPY ANTAGONISTIC PLEITROPY

13. PLEIOTROPY SICKLE CELL DISEASE PHENYLKETONURIA or PKU FRIZZLED FEATHER TRAIT

14. LETHALITY Inheriting two copies of mutated genes that are nonfunctional can have lethal consequences.

15. POLYGENIC TRAITS These are traits that are controlled by multiple genes instead of just one. The genes that control them may be located near each other or even on separate chromosomes.

16. POLYGENIC TRAITS AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

17. A.  Height B. Skin color C. Eye color D. Widow’s peak POLYGENIC TRAITS Which of these is NOT a polygenic trait? D. Widow’s peak

18. U H A N K Y O T