(Notes) Forensics overview & observation (1).pptx

IBSEHS

1. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTRODUCTION Crime Scene Investigation

2. ‹#› Forensic Science Definition: The application of scientific technology to supply accurate and objective information reflecting the events that occurred at a crime. What does a Forensic Scientist DO??? Analyze physical evidence Provide Expert Testimony Provide training in the recognition, collection and preservation of physical evidence

3. Complex Reasoning In Forensic Science Deductive (reasoning from the general to the particular) and Inductive Reasoning (reasoning from detailed facts to general principles) Classifying Comparing and Contrasting Problem Solving Analyzing Perspectives Constructing Support Error Analysis

4. Observation Break #1 Claim – Evidence – Reasoning Which side is the front? ‹#›

5. Observation Break #1 Claim – Evidence – Reasoning Claim: What claim are you making? Which side of the bus is the front? Evidence: What do you see that shows your claim? What do you see about the bus that tells you which side of the bus is the front? Reasoning: How does your evidence prove your claim? How does what you see on the bus tell you which side is the front? ‹#›

6. Observation Break #1 Claim – Evidence – Reasoning ‹#›

7. Observation Break #1 Claim – Evidence – Reasoning Which side is the front? Use C-E-R… ‹#›

8. ‹#› Branches of Forensic Science Physical science : Using chemistry, physics, and geology to ID and compare crime scene evidence Biology : blood, body fluids, hairs and fibers, entomology Pathology, psychology, odontology, any many more!

9. Observation Break #2 Whodunit? There was a burglary of a Greeley West student’s backpack last week. Three suspects from Northridge, Billy, Sammy & Elly, were all seen near the backpack and were pulled in for questioning. Each person said one of the other two was the thief. Later, the police figured out that Sam was a big liar, and that there was only one thief. Who was the thief? ‹#›

10. ‹#› General Crime Lab Services Physical Unit: glass, paint, explosives, etc Biology Unit: blood and other bodily fluids Firearms Unit: ballistics Document Examination Unit: handwriting, typewriting, questioned documents (ransom notes, etc) Photography Unit: record all visible evidence. Toxicology Unit: drugs & toxins Fingerprint Unit Pathology Unit…

11. ‹#› Forensic Pathology Investigation of sudden, unnatural, unexplained or violent deaths Answer the questions: Who is the victim? What are the injuries, when did they occur, and how were they produced? 5 manners of death: natural, homicide, suicide, accident, undetermined

12. Observation Break #3 Brain filtering Without looking at an actual penny, which one is real? Does it matter if you knew this? ‹#›

13. ‹#› Crime Scene Search Patterns Spiral Grid TWO of FOUR PATTERNS

14. ‹#› Crime Scene Search Patterns Strip or Line Quadrant or Zone TWO of FOUR PATTERNS

15. Observation Break #4 Out of the ordinary What is strange about the following paragraph? ‹#›

16. ‹#› Crime Scene Sketch Date: August 25, 2016 Criminalist: Greeley West Student Time: 11:35 Location: Greeley Central Greeley, CO. A. Couch/sofa B. Female body C. Knife D. Over turned Lamp E. Chairs F. Table G. Fireplace c D E E E E E A G F

17. Observation Break #5 Differences You have 60 seconds to find as many differences as you can. Record what you find. ‹#›

18. Observation Break #5 Differences Fish gill Tree stump Cat’s foot Dog’s mouth Bird’s beak Dog’s ear ‹#›

19. ‹#› Evidence Transient (Temporary) Evidence: Often only observed by the first officer at the scene Odor --putrefaction, perfume, gasoline, urine, burning, explosives, cigarette or cigar smoke Temperature --of room, car hood, coffee, water in a bathtub; cadaver Imprints and indentations --footprints; teeth marks in perishable foods; tire marks on certain surfaces

20. ‹#› Evidence (cont) Pattern or Transfer Evidence: produced by direct contact between a person and an object or between two objects. Physical Biological Chemical Miscellaneous

21. Observation Break #6 Differences You have 60 seconds to find as many differences as you can. Record what you find. ‹#›

22. Observation Break #6 Differences Tail feathers Flame Monkey’s tail Lion’s mane Cake tray Frosting ‹#›

23. ‹#› Physical Evidence Fingerprints Footprints Shoe prints Handwriting Firearms Printing Number restoration Tire marks Tool marks Typewriting

24. ‹#› Physical Evidence Conditional Evidence: * produced by a specific event or action *important in crime scene reconstruction Light--headlight; lighting conditions Smoke--color, direction of travel, density, odor Fire--color and direction of the flames, speed of spread, temperature and condition of fire

25. ‹#› Physical Evidence - Conditional Evidence Continued Location--of injuries or wounds; of bloodstains; of the victims vehicle;of weapons or cartridge cases; of broken glass, etc. Vehicles--doors locked or unlocked, windows opened or closed; radio off or on (station); odometer mileage Body--position; types of wounds; rigor, livor and algor mortis Scene--condition of furniture, doors and windows; any disturbance or signs of a struggle.

26. Observation Break #7 Scene of a Crime? You will have 30 seconds to look at the following picture. Identify everything you think might be important… Quiz following! ‹#›

27. ‹#›

28. Observation Break #7 Scene of a Crime How many people were in the bank? What time was it? What is the date? What’s on the sign? What is the man at the front handing the teller? What’s on the man’s hat? What unusual item is the woman with the little girl wearing? ‹#›

29. ‹#› Biological Evidence Blood Blood types Semen Saliva Sweat/Tears Hair Bone DNA Tissues Urine Feces Animal Material Insects Bacterial/Fungal

30. Observation Break #8 Scene of a Crime You will have 30 seconds to look at the following picture. Identify everything you think might be important… Quiz following! ‹#›

31. ‹#›

32. Observation Break #8 Scene of a Crime Is this a business or residential area? How many vehicles are parked on the sides of the road? What color is the pickup truck driving in the road? Any minivans around? How many? What does the blue sign say? What's the speed limit? Are there any pedestrians on the road? ‹#›

33. ‹#› Chemical Evidence Fibers Glass Soil Gunpowder Metal Mineral Narcotics Drugs Paper Ink Cosmetics Paint Plastic Lubricants Fertilizer

34. ‹#› Miscellaneous Laundry marks Voice analysis Polygraph Photography Stress evaluation Pyscholinguistic analysis Vehicle identification

35. Observation Break #9 Famous Serial Killers 1. Ted Bundy was an American serial killer who was convicted on the basis of which type of forensic evidence? A. Bite marks C. DNA fingerprinting B. Latent fingerprints D. Ballistics ‹#›

36. Observation Break #9 Famous Serial Killers Ted Bundy was an American serial killer who was convicted on the basis of which type of forensic evidence? A. Bite marks C. DNA fingerprinting B. Latent fingerprints D. Ballistics Although he denied being the killer, Bundy made the mistake of biting one of his victims. So although he lied through his teeth, his teeth marks didn’t lie! ‹#›

37. ‹#› THE BODY Rigor Mortis Temperature Stiffness Time Since of body of body Death Warm Warm Cold Cold Not stiff Stiff Stiff Not stiff Not dead more than 3 hrs Dead between 3 and 8 hrs Dead 8 to 36 hours Dead more than 36 hours

38. ‹#› THE BODY Livor Mortis Livor mortis is the settling of the blood, causing the skin to change colors. Lividity indicates the position of the body after death. When lividity becomes fixed, then the distribution of the lividity pattern will not change even if the body’s position is altered. Lividity usually becomes fixed between 10 and 15 hours after death.

39. Observation Break #10 You’re the witness Stand up and find a partner (according to your teacher’s directions) One partner will be the ‘investigator’ and will turn AWAY from the screen (No peeking!) The other will be the ‘witness’ and will have 60 seconds to look at and silently record any information they wish in order to describe the scene to their partner At the end of 60 seconds, the investigator will sketch the scene based upon the description from the witness ‹#›

40. ‹#›

41. Observation Break #10 You’re the witness You have 3 minutes to create your sketch! ‹#›

42. ‹#› Observation Break #10 Does your sketch look like this?

43. ‹#› Time Frame of Death Condition Appearance Periphery blood drying 30 min to 2 hrs Blue-green discoloration of skin Right and left area of abdomen 24 hours Entire abdomen 36 hours Bloating 36 to 48 hours Skin slippage 4 to7 days Absence of smell from bones more than 1 year

44. ‹#› Time Frame of Death Eyeball Changes Condition Appearance Cornea drying (eyes open) minutes Cornea drying (eyes closed) 2 hours Corneal cloudiness (eyes open) less than 2 hours Corneal cloudiness (eyes closed) 12 to 24 hours Eyeball collapse more than 24 hrs

45. Observation Break #11 Optical Illusions You will have 2 seconds to look at the next picture ‹#›

46. Observation Break #11 Optical Illusions ‹#›

47. Observation Break #11 Optical Illusions Duck or Rabbit? Illusions don’t just happen with sight… All your senses can be fooled! ‹#›

48. ‹#› CRIME + = What Happened? Why Did It Happened? Who Did It? Crime Scene Evidence Collection Witness, Suspect and Motive Development Post Scene Evidence Processing Cause, manner, time of death Investigative Stage Profiling Means Motive Opportunity Identification and Arrest of Suspect

49. How information is processed in the brain ‹#› What is Observation?

50. Observation Break #12 The brain works in weird ways CAN YOU READ THIS? I cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rgh it pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig huh? yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt! ‹#›

51. Our brains fill in gaps in our perception In order to make sense of what we perceive, our brains often enrich with detail what we see, taste, hear, smell, or feel After an event, we can fully believe things were part of the background even though they were not ‹#› What is Observation?

52. What is Observation? Observers are affected by: Their emotional states Whether they were alone , part of a group, or near others What type of and how much activity was going on around them ‹#›

53. Observation Break #13 Left brain or right? ‹#› Say the colors out loud as fast as you can!

54. What is Observation? Crime-scene reports often vary, due to: level of interest stress concentration amount and kind of distractions present prejudices personal beliefs motives any lapse in time since the event ‹#›

55. What is Observation? Turn off filters Consciously pay attention to all details Do not pay attention to just what you think is important All details are potentially important!!! Collect Information first , interpret data later Look for patterns and make connections More information yields better interpretations Prejudices exist everywhere! eyewitness accounts your own thinking processes ‹#›

56. Observation Break #14 Final observation test ‹#› You will have 1 minute to look at the following image

57. Observation Break #14 Final observation test ‹#›

58. Observation Break #14 Final observation test ‹#› Sketch the cards, in order!

59. Observation Break #14 Final observation test ‹#› How many did you get right?!

60. What is Observation? Documentation, Documentation, Documentation Write down and photograph as much information as possible Be aware that memory is faulty Remember that our brains tend to fill in gaps in our perceptions The environment and our natural sensory filters affect our ability to observe Eyewitness reports can be correct, faulty, or a little of both Acquiring good observation skills takes practice and training ‹#›