-notes on Mass Spectrometry techniques.pdf

-notes on Mass Spectrometry techniques.pdf

1. Infrared Spectroscopy
09-11-2024 1
Dr. Jorphin Joseph
Assistant Professor
Department of Chemical oceanography
CUSAT

2. Infrared Spectroscopy
09-11-2024 COD 2

3. Infrared Radiation
09-11-2024 COD 3

4. Infrared Spectroscopy
IRspectroscopymeasurestheinfraredlightthatisabsorbedbythesubstance.
Theinfraredportionoftheelectromagneticspectrumisdividedintothreeregions.

5. Use of Infrared Spectroscopy

6. Use of Infrared Spectroscopy
Thisallowsidentificationoffunctionalgroupsinorganicmoleculesbecauseeach
functionalgrouphasavibrationalfrequencywhichappearinanarrowregionofthe
IR region.Table shows approximate regions where various common type of
functional group’s stretching vibrations occur

7. Vibrations in molecules
Non-linear molecule

8. Vibrations in molecules
Linear molecule

9. Theory of IR spectroscopy
COD 9

10. 2-D representation of electric vector
COD 10
0

11. Selection rule for vibrational transition
COD 11

12. COD 12

13. Vibrational Energy States
09-11-2024 COD 13
Selection Rules

14. COD 14

15. IR active and inactive vibrations of CO
2
09-11-2024 COD 15

16. Calculation of vibrational frequencies
09-11-2024 COD 16

17. Calculation of vibrational frequencies
09-11-2024 COD 17

18. Calculation of vibrational frequencies
09-11-2024 COD 18

19. Band properties and absorption trends
09-11-2024
COD
19
Increasing K
Increasing μ

20. Band properties and absorption trends
09-11-2024
COD
20

21. Hooke’s Law Expression
09-11-2024
COD
21

22. Hooke’s Law Expression
09-11-2024
COD
22

23. Hooke’s Law Expression
09-11-2024
COD
23
Thisequationmaybeusedtocalculatetheapproximatepositionofabandin
theinfraredspectrumbyassumingthatKforsingle,double,andtriplebonds
is5,10,and15×10
5
dynes/cm,respectively.Noticethatexcellent
agreementisobtainedwiththeexperimentalvalues.However,experimental
andcalculatedvaluesmayvaryconsiderablyowingtoresonance,
hybridization,andothereffectsthatoperateinorganicmolecules.

24. Why IR bands are broad?
09-11-2024 COD 24

25. WHEN EXAMINING INFRARED SPECTRA…
09-11-2024 COD 25
Absorption v/s Transmission

26. WHEN EXAMINING INFRARED SPECTRA…
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Absorption v/s Transmission

27. Types of IR spectrometers
09-11-2024 COD 27

28. Types of IR spectrometers
09-11-2024 COD 28

29. Calibration
09-11-2024 COD 29

30. Sampling Techniques for IR spectroscopy
09-11-2024 COD 30

31. 09-11-2024 COD 31

32. WHEN EXAMINING INFRARED SPECTRA…
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Weak v/s Strong

33. WHEN EXAMINING INFRARED SPECTRA…
09-11-2024 COD 33
Shape and fine structure

34. What to look for in an IR spectrum?
09-11-2024 COD 34

35. What to look for in an IR spectrum?
09-11-2024 COD 35

36. O-H, N-H and C-H stretching region
09-11-2024 COD 36
3

37. C-H Region
09-11-2024 COD 37

38. C-H Region
09-11-2024 COD 38

39. O-H Region
09-11-2024 COD 39

40. O-H Region
09-11-2024 COD 40

41. Effect of dilution on intermolecular
hydrogen bonding
09-11-2024 COD 41

42. O-H stretching of carboxylic acids
09-11-2024 COD 42

43. O-H stretching of carboxylic acids
09-11-2024 COD 43

44. N-H stretching region
09-11-2024 COD 44

45. N-H stretching region
09-11-2024 COD 45

46. N-H stretching region
09-11-2024 COD 46

47. N-H stretching region in 1ᴼ, 2ᴼ and 3ᴼ amines
09-11-2024 COD 47

48. Distinguishing isomers
09-11-2024 SCAS 48

49. N-H stretching in amides
09-11-2024 COD 49

50. N-H stretching in amides
09-11-2024 COD 50

51. Benzamide
09-11-2024 COD 51

52. What to look for in an IR spectrum?
09-11-2024 COD 52

53. CARBONYL STRETCHING PEAKS
09-11-2024 COD 53

54. Every type of CO has its unique place in IR!
09-11-2024 COD 54

55. Factors that contribute to CO stretching frequency
09-11-2024 COD 55
1. Electronic effect –force constant dependency

56. Factors that contribute to CO stretching frequency
09-11-2024 COD 56
2. Effect of conjugation on C=O stretching frequency

57. Factors that contribute to CO stretching frequency
09-11-2024 COD 57
2. Effect of conjugation on C=O stretching frequency

58. Factors that contribute to CO stretching frequency
09-11-2024 COD 58
2. Effect of conjugation on C=O stretching frequency

59. Factors that contribute to CO stretching frequency
09-11-2024 COD 59
3. Ring size effect

60. Factors that contribute to CO stretching frequency
09-11-2024 COD 60
3. Ring size effect
1735

61. Factors that contribute to CO stretching frequency
09-11-2024 COD 61
4. Hydrogen Bond Effect

62. Factors that contribute to CO stretching frequency
09-11-2024 COD 62
4. halogen effect

63. Trans-cinnamaldehyde
09-11-2024 COD 63

64. 09-11-2024 COD 64

65. 09-11-2024 COD 65

66. 09-11-2024 COD 66

67. 09-11-2024 COD 67

68. Nitro group in IR
09-11-2024 COD 68

69. 09-11-2024 COD 69

70. 09-11-2024 COD 70

71. What to look for in an IR spectrum?
09-11-2024 COD 71

72. 09-11-2024 COD 72

73. 09-11-2024 COD 73

74. 09-11-2024 COD 74

75. Advantages of IR spectroscopy
09-11-2024 COD

76. Ring size effects with internal double bonds
09-11-2024 COD 76

77. Ring size effects with internal double bonds
09-11-2024 77

78. Ring size effects with internal double bonds
09-11-2024 COD 78

79. IR spectra of important functional groups
09-11-2024 COD 79

80. IR spectra of important functional groups
09-11-2024 COD 80
Mono substitution
690 cm
-1
and 750 cm
-1
styrene

81. IR spectra of important functional groups
09-11-2024 COD 81
Ortho substitution 750 cm
-1
ortho-diethylbenzene

82. IR spectra of important functional groups
09-11-2024 COD 82
Meta substitution
690 cm
-1
,780 cm
-1
,880 cm
-1
meta-diethylbenzene

83. IR spectra of important functional groups
09-11-2024 COD 83
Para-diethylbenzene
Para substitution one band
between 800 -880 cm
-1

84. How to analyse a spectrum?
09-11-2024 COD 84

85. How to analyse a spectrum?
09-11-2024 COD 85

86. How to analyse a spectrum?
09-11-2024 COD 86

87. 09-11-2024 COD 87
Questions…!!