Nozzle.pptx a nozzle is often used for feeding

A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas). Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them. In a nozzle, the velocity of fluid increases at the expense of its pressure energy. A gas jet, fluid jet, or hydro jet is a nozzle intended to eject gas or fluid in a coherent stream into a surrounding medium. Gas jets are commonly found in gas stoves, ovens, or barbecues. Gas jets were commonly used for light before the development of electric light. Other types of fluid jets are found in carburetors, where smooth calibrated orifices are used to regulate the flow of fuel into an engine, and in jacuzzis or spas. Jet nozzles are also used in large rooms where the distribution of air via ceiling diffusers is not possible or not practical. Diffusers that uses jet nozzles are called jet diffuser where it will be arranged in the side wall areas in order to distribute air. When the temperature difference between the supply air and the room air changes, the supply air stream is deflected upwards, to supply warm air, or downwards, to supply cold air.

1. WELCOME

2. CFD SUPPORT FOR JET NOISE REDUCTION CONCEPT DESIGN AND EVALUATION FOR F/A 18 E/F AIRCRAFT BATCH MEMBERS GUIDED BY

3. OBJECTIVES The main aim of this project is in turbojet engine is reducing noise (db) and increasing thrust force. Using nozzle single and dual plume. Using flat types of exhaust chevron nozzles. Easy to use all types of jet engines. Efficient combustion and low noise, high efficiency and high thrust force.

4. ABSTRACT CFD is being used to support the design and evaluation of varied passive concepts which have the potential to reduce jet noise on an F/A 18 E/F supersonic fighter aircraft. One aspect of the CFD support work entails basic concept evaluation which is being performed in collaboration with laboratory studies of Krothapalli at FSU and Seiner at NCPA/U.Miss. Concepts evaluated to date include microjets, chevrons and hybrid devices .

5. Continue….. CFD is supporting the optimization of these designs and evaluating how they will perform on a real engine. A new jet noise code is being evaluated which has the promise of quantifying the noise reduction obtainable .

6. INTRODUCTION Optimizing the performance of concepts found to work best with respect to both noise reduction and thrust loss minimization. To date, our focus has been on item above where we have performed simulations of micro-jet effects corresponding to experiments of Krothapalli and of chevrons corresponding to experiments of Seiner. A major difference is in the internal mixing with the lab model using premixed fan/core streams and the real engine having complex slot injection to mix in bypass flow which produces an exit plane profile that is only partially mixed.

7. LITERATURE REVIEW # Author & year Investigation Details Publication Name (Source) 1 S. A. Khan and E. Rathakrishnan S 2012 Experimental investigation to study the effectiveness of micro jets to control base pressure in suddenly expanded axisymmetric ducts Author concluded, It is observed from the The Mach numbers at the entry to the suddenly expanded duct studied in the present study are 1.25, 1.30, 1.48, 1.60, 1.80, 2.00, 2.50 and 3.00. The jets are expanded suddenly into an axisymmetric tube with cross-sectional area 3.24 times that of nozzle exit area. Science, Technology and Art Research Journal ISSN: 2226-7522 2 BaoyuGuo, et. al 2014 Three-dimensional, time-dependent calculations using the finite volume CFD code CFX4 and the VLES approach with standard k-e model to simulate the turbulent swirl flow in an axisymmetric Finally the author Compared with the un swirled case, inclusion of a slight inlet swirl (swirl number below 0.23) can reduce the precession speed, cause the precession to be against the mean swirl and suppress the flapping 6 motion. Several modes of precession are predicted as the swirl in- density increases, in which the precession. Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 34, No. 1, 2016

8. DESIGN OF NOZZLE A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow. In a turbojet engine the main function of a nozzle is to increase the outlet velocity of the exhaust gases so as to achieve maximum output thrust which is dependent on output characteristics of the exhaust gases.

9. WORKING OF NOZZLE

10. COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD) Nowadays, Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become a progressively handy and robust tool for the numerical analysis involving transport processes. CFD provides understanding into flow design, which are laborious, costly or impossible to investigate using conventional techniques. It consists of simulation of multiphase flow, heat transfer, chemical reactions and particulate processes.

11. CFD Flow Process

12. BASE MODEL OF SINGLE PLUMEE NOZZLE

13. Base model design of Single plume Nozzle

14. BASE MODEL OF DUAL PLUME NOZZLE

15. Dual plume Nozzle Design

16. RESULT AND CONCLUSION

17. Velocity variations in Flat edge Single plume nozzle

18. ANALYSIS OF DUAL PLUME NOZZLE BASE MODEL

19. Presure variations in Flat edge dual plume nozzle

20. CONCLUSION We concluded that the shape optimizations of chevronnozzle have a potential for reduction of turbulent mixing noise further, which is believed to be the dominant component of jet noise for most aircraft. It is emphasized that jet noise remains a major component of engine noise. The Chevron technology has provided a modest relief for jet noise reduction in aerospace applications. As the result of analysis, comparison was carried with baseline CD nozzle and four different types of chevrons .

21. REFERENCES [1]. H.K.Versteeg and W.MalalaSekhara, “An introduction to Computational fluid Dynamics”, British Library cataloguing pub, 4th edition, 1996. [2]. Lars Davidson, “An introduction to turbulenceModels”, Department of thermo and fluid dynamics, Chalmers university of technology, Goteborg, Sweden, November, 2003. [3]. Karna s. Patel, "CFD analysis of an aerofoil", International Journal of engineering research.