NRS110Lecture3InfectionControl (2).ppt INFECTION CONTROL INFECTION CONTROL INFECTION CONTROL INFECTION CONTROL INFECTION CONTROL

INFECTION CONTROL

2. SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE BASE
ENTRY AND MULTIPLICATION OF
ORGANISM RESULTS IN DISEASE
COLONIZATION OCCURS WHEN A
MICROORGANISM INVADES THE
HOST BUT DOES NOT CAUSE
INFECTION (INJURY TO CELLS)
PATIENT SAFETY ISSUE

3. CHAIN OF INFECTION
Infectious agent or pathogen
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host

4. Infectious Agent/Pathogen
Microorganisms (bacteria, viruses,
fungi, protozoa
Normal flora
Colonization
Virulence
Susceptibility
Review Potter & Perry Table 34-1 (pg.
643) Common Pathogens

5. Reservior
Animate sources (humans, animals,
insects)
Inanimate sources (soil, water, food,
medical equipment)
Pathogens need a proper environment to
survive (food, oxygen, water,
temperature, pH, light)
Carriers
Toxins: (Exotoxins, endotoxins)

6. Portal of Exit/Entry
Skin and Mucous Membranes
Respiratory Tract
Urinary Tract
Gastrointestinal tract
Reproductive Tract
Blood

7. Modes of Transmission
Contact (Direct & Indirect)
Droplet
Airborne
Vehicles
Vectors

8. Susceptible Host
Susceptibility (Resistance to infection)
Factors which influence susceptible:
Age
Nutritional status
Chronic disease history
Trauma
Smoking

9. The Infectious Process
Incubation Period
Prodromal Stage
Illness Stage
Convalescence
Pathogenicity of organism
Localized vs. systemic

10. DEFENSES AGAINST INFECTION
Normal flora
Body System Defenses (P&P Pg.647)
Inflammation
VASCULAR AND CELLULAR RESPONSE
EDEMA
PHAGOCYTOSIS
LEUKOCYTOSIS
INFLAMMATORY EXUDATE
SEROUS
SANGUINOUS
PURULENT

11. SPECIFIC DEFENSES AGAINST
INFECTION
CELL- MEDIATED IMMUNITY
ANTIBODY-MEDIATED IMMUNITY

12. HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATED
INFECTION (NOSOCOMIAL)
Infections that are a result of health care
delivery, not present at admission
EXOGENOUS
ENDOGENOUS
IATROGENIC
Refer to Potter & Perry Table 34-2 Pg. 648 (Sites
for Causes of HAI’s)

13. Common Health-Care
Associated Infections
Urinary Tract Infection
Surgical/Traumatic Wound Infection
Respiratory Tract
Bloodstream

14. The Nursing Process & Infection
Control (Assessment)
Status of defense mechanisms
Client Susceptibility
Nutritional Status
Stress
Disease Process
Medical Therapy
Clinical Appearance
Lab Data

15. Lab Data
WBC Count
Sedimentation Rate
Cultures of sputum, urine, blood
Differential Count

16. Assessing Risk for Infection
Age
Disease Processes
Lifestyle
Occupation
Diagnostic Procedures
Medications
Travel History
Nutritional Status

17. NURSING DIAGNOSIS AND
PLANNING
NANDA APPROVED DIAGNOSIS
GOALS AND OUTCOMES
MEASURABLE
REALISTIC
PRIORITIES

18. Acute Care Interventions
MEDICAL AND SURGICAL ASEPSIS
CONTROL/ELIMINATION OF
INFECTIOUS AGENTS
CONTROL/ELIMINATION OF:
MODES OF TRANSMISSION
PORTALS OF ENTRY
RESERVOIRS
HAND HYGIENE (HCP, PATIENT,
FAMILY)

19. INTERVENTIONS
ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS
HYPERTHERMIA INTERVENTION
ELIMINATE UNDERLYING CAUSE
FEVER MANAGEMENT
HEALTH TEACHING
ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY
PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT
HEALTH CARE RESOURCES

20. Isolation Precautions
CDC and OSHA Guidelines
1.Contact
2.Droplet
3.Airborne

21. Drug Resistant Organism
Infections & Colonizations
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylocuccus
aureus (MRSA)
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus
(VRE)
Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase
(ESBL)
Multi-drug Resistant Tuberculosis

22. Personal Protective
Equipment
Gowns
Respiratory Masks
Eye Protection
Gloves
Specimen Collection
Bagging Trash & Linen
Transporting Patients

23. EVALUATION
MEASURE SUCCESS OF INFECTION
CONTROL TECHNIQUES
COMPARE PATIENT’S RESPONSE TO
ACTUAL OUTCOME
WHAT WILL YOU DO IF
GOAL/OUTCOMES NOT ACHIEVED?