ntpc thermal power plant.ppt

ntpc badarpur thermal power plant delhi

2. INTRODUCTION
(NTPC)
NATIONAL THERMAL POWER CORPORATION (NTPC) is the largest thermal
power generating company of India
NTPC has installed capacityof 29,394 MW.
15 coal based power stations (23,395 MW)
7 gas based power stations (3,955 MW)
4 power stations in Joint Ventures (1,794 MW).
The company has power generating facilities in all major regions of the country.
In Forbes list of World’s 2000 Largest Companies for the year 2007, NTPC
occupies 411th place.

4. B T P S
The Badarpur Thermal Power Station has an installed
capacity of 705 MW. It is situated in south east corner
of Delhi on Mathura Road near Faridabad. It was the
first central sector power plant conceived in India, in
1965.
It was originally conceived to provide power to
neighbouring states of Haryana, Punjab, Jammu and
Kashmir, U.P., Rajasthan, and Delhi. But since year
1987 Delhi has become its sole beneficiary.
It was owned and conceived by Central Electric
Authority. Its construction was started in year 1968,
and the First unit was commissioned in 26 July 1973.
This was constructed under ownership of Central
Electric Authority, later it was transferred to NTPC.

5. Sr
No.
CapacityNo. Of
Generators
Total Capacity
1.210 2 420 MW
2.95 3 285 MW
Total5 705 MW
Total Installed Capacity In BTPS

6. PLANT LAYOUT

7. Major Components Of Thermal Power Plant
1.BOILER
2.STEAM TURBINE
3.GENERATOR

8. Other Useful Components
1.Coal Conveyor
2.Pulverizer
3.Ash Handling
4.Air Pre-Heater
5.Electrostatic Precipitator
6.Smoke Stack
7.Condenser
8.Transformers
9.Cooling Towers
10.High Voltage Power lines

9. COAL CONVEYOR
This is a belt type of arrangement. With this
coal is transported from coal storage place in
power plant to the place near by boiler.

10. STOKER
The coal which is brought near
by boiler has to put in boiler
furnace for combustion. This
stoker is a mechanical device
for feeding coal to a furnace.

11. PULVERIZER
The coal is put in the boiler after pulverization. For
this pulverizer is used. A pulverizer is a device for
grinding coal for combustion in a furnace in a power
plant .An impact mill is used for this purpose.

12. BOILER
Pulverized coal is put in boiler furnace in which water is
heated and circulated until the water is turned in to
steam at the required pressure.Coal is burned inside the
combustion chamber of boiler. These gases which are at
high temperature vaporize the water inside the boiler to
steam.

13. Aboileris a closedvesselin whichwateror otherfluidis
heated. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for
use in various processes or heating
applications,includingboiler-based power
generation,cooking, andsanitation.
coal-fired power station boilers use pulverized coal, and
many of the larger industrial water-tube boilers also use
this pulverized fuel. This technology is well developed, and
there are thousands of units around the world, accounting
for well over 90% of coal-fired capacity.
The coal is ground (pulverized) to a fine powder, so that
less than 2% is +300 micro meter (μm) and 70-75% is
below 75 microns, for a bituminous coal. It should be
noted that too fine a powder is wasteful of grinding mill
power.

14. On the other hand, too coarse a powder does not burn
completely in the combustion chamber and results in
higher unburnt losses. The pulverized coal is blown with
part of the combustion air into the boiler plant through a
series of burner nozzles. Secondary and tertiary air may
also be added. Combustion takes place at temperatures
from 1300-1700°C, depending largely on coal grade.
Particle residence time in the boiler is typically 2 to 5
seconds, and the particles must be small enough for
complete combustion to have taken place during this time.

15. This system has many advantages
such as ability to fire varying quality
of coal, quick responses to changes
in load, use of high pre-heat air
temperatures etc.
One of the most popular systems
for firing pulverized coal is the
tangential firing using four burners
corner to corner to create a fireball
at the center of the furnace.

16. SUPERHEATER
Super heater is acomponent of a steam-generating unit in
which steam, after it has left the boiler drum, is heated above
its saturation temperature. The amount of superheat added
to the steam is influenced by the location, arrangement, and
amount of super heater surface installed, as well as the rating
of the boiler Super heaters are classified as convection ,
radiant or combination of these.

17. REHEATER
Reheater is alsosteam boiler
component in which heat is added to
this intermediate-pressure steam, which
has given up some of its energy in
expansion through the high-pressure
turbine. The steam after reheating is
used to rotate the second steam turbine
where the heat is converted to
mechanical energy.

18. CONDENSER
Steam after rotating steam turbine
comes to condenser. Condenser refers
here to the shell and tube heat
exchanger installed at the outlet of
every steam turbine in Thermal power
stations. These condensers are heat
exchangers which convert steam from
its gaseous to its liquid state. In so
doing, the latent heat of steam is given
out inside the condenser .

19. COOLING TOWERS
The condensate water after condensation is initially at
high temperature. This hot water is passed to cooling
towers. It is atower in which atmospheric air circulates
in direct or indirect contact with warmer water and the
water is thereby cooled. Water, acting as the heat-
transfer fluid, gives up heat to atmospheric air, and thus
cooled, isrecirculatedthrough the system.

20. ECONOMISER
Flue gases coming out of the boiler carry lot of heat.
Function of economiser is to recover some of the heat from
the heat carried away in the flue gases up the chimney and
utilize for heating the feed water to the boiler. It is placed in
the passage of flue gases in between the exit from the boiler
and the entry to the chimney.

21. AIR PREHEATER
The remaining heat of flue gases is utilised
by air preheater. It is adevice used in steam
boilers to transfer heat from the flue gases
to the combustion air before the air enters
the furnace

22. ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
It is adevice which removes dust or other
finely divided particles from flue gases by
charging the particles inductively with an
electric field, then attracting them to highly
charged collector plates.

23. SMOKE STACK (CHIMNEY)
A chimney is a system for venting
hotflue gasesorsmokefrom
aboiler,stove,furnaceor fireplaceto the
outsideatmosphere. They are typically
almost vertical to ensure that the hot
gases flow smoothly, drawing air into
thecombustionthrough the chimney
effect.

24. TURBINE
Asteamturbineis a device that
extractsthermal energyfrom
pressurizedsteamand uses it to domechanical
workon a rotating output shaft. Because the
turbine generatesrotary motion, it is
particularly suited to be used to drive
anelectrical generator.
The steam turbine is a form ofheat enginethat
derives much of its improvement
inthermodynamic efficiencythrough the use of
multiple stages in the expansion of the steam,
which results in a closer approach to the
idealreversible process

25. To maximize turbine efficiency the
steam is expanded, doing work, in a
number of stages. These stages are
characterized by how the energy is
extracted from them and are known as
either impulse or reaction turbines.
Most steam turbines use a mixture of
the reaction and impulse designs: each
stage behaves as either one or the
other, but the overall turbine uses both.
Typically, higher pressure sections are
impulse type and lower pressure
stages are reaction type.

26. GENERATOR
An alternator is anelectromechanical
devicethat converts mechanical energy
toalternating currentelectrical energy. Most
alternators use a rotating magnetic field. Any
AC generator can be called an alternator, but
usually the word refers to small rotating
machines driven by automotive and other
internal combustion engines.

27. Inelectricity generation, anelectric generatoris a device
that convertsmechanical energytoelectrical energy. A
generator forceselectric charge(usually carried
byelectrons) to flow through an externalelectrical
circuit. It is analogous to awater pump, which causes
water to flow (but does not create water). Thesource of
mechanical energymay be a reciprocating
orturbinesteam engine, water falling through aturbine
or waterwheel, aninternal combustion engine, awind
turbine, a handcrank,compressed air, or any other
source of mechanical energy.
The reverse conversion of electrical energy into
mechanical energy is done by anelectric motor, and
motors and generators have many similarities. Many
motors can be mechanically driven to generate
electricity, and frequently make acceptable generators.

28. Capacity 117500KVA
Voltage 10500V
Speed 3000rpm
Hydrogen 2.5Kg/cm2
Power factor 0.85 (lagging)
Stator current6475 amps
Frequency 50Hz
Stator winding
connection
3 phase
Rating Of 95 MW Generator

29. Generator
Capacity
247000 KVA
Voltage (stator)15750 V
Current (stator)9050 A
Voltage (rotor)310 V
Current (rotor)2600 V
Speed 3000 rpm
Power factor0.85
Frequency 50 Hz
Hydrogen 3.5 Kg/cm2
Stator wdg
connection
3 phase star
connection
Insulation classB
Rating Of 210
MW
Generator

30. TRANSFORMERS
It is a device that transfers electric
energy from onealternating-
currentcircuitto one or more
other circuits, either increasing
(stepping up) or reducing
(stepping down) the voltage.

31. No load voltage
(HV)
292 KV
No load Voltage
(LV)
10.5 K
Line current (HV)315.2 A
Line current (LV)315.2 A
Temp rise 45 Celsius
Oil quantity 40180 ltr.
Weight of oil 34985 Kg
Total weight 147725 Kg
Core & winding84325 Kg
Phase 3
Frequency 50 Hz
Transformer
Rating

32. A varyingcurrentin the first orprimarywinding
creates a varyingmagnetic fluxin the transformer's
core and thus a varyingmagnetic fieldthrough
thesecondarywinding. This varying magnetic
fieldinducesa varyingelectromotive force (EMF),
or "voltage", in the secondary winding. This effect is
called inductive coupling.
If aloadis connected to the secondary winding,
current will flow in this winding, and electrical
energy will be transferred from the primary circuit
through the transformer to the load. In an ideal
transformer, the induced voltage in the secondary
winding (Vs) is in proportion to the primary
voltage (Vp) and is given by the ratio of the number
of turns in the secondary (Ns) to the number of
turns in the primary (Np) as follows:

33. By appropriate selection of the ratio of turns, a
transformer thus enables analternating
current(AC) voltage to be "stepped up" by
makingNsgreater thanNp, or "stepped down" by
makingNsless thanNp. The windings are coils
wound around aferromagnetic core,air-
coretransformers being a notable exception.

34. THANK YOU