Nuclear_PowerPlant_how_nuclear_power_plant_works_adv_and_disadv.pptx

This ppt contains information about Nuclear power plant and raises awareness about how it can affect the environment and also gives us information about how a nuclear power plant works

1. Nuclear Power Plant IEE AAT Name: Your name Roll Number: 26 Dept name: Computer science and engineering

2. Nuclear energy Table of contents Advantages 03 01 Working of Nuclear power plant 02 Disadvantages 04 05 06 Nuclear power plant in developing the world Conclusion

3. Introduction A nuclear power plant is a facility that generates electricity using nuclear fission, where atoms split to release energy. This energy heats water to produce steam, which drives turbines to generate power. Nuclear plants are known for their high efficiency, low carbon emissions, and ability to provide a stable energy supply. Despite concerns over safety and waste disposal, they remain a crucial part of the global energy mix.

4. 01 Nuclear energy

5. What is nuclear energy Nuclear energy is the energy released from the nucleus of an atom through nuclear fission (splitting of atoms) or fusion (combining atoms). It is a powerful and efficient energy source used mainly for electricity generation in nuclear power plants.

6. In nuclear power plants, nuclear fission is used to generate heat, which produces steam to drive turbines and generate electricity. This process provides a stable and large-scale energy supply with low greenhouse gas emissions, making it a key contributor to global electricity production.

7. First power nuclear plants Beznau, Suiza Oyster Creek, USA Obninsk, Rusia Pickering, Canada 2011 1999 1987 1983

8. Working of nuclear power plant 02

9. Working of Nuclear power plant

10. Working of Nuclear power plant 1. Nuclear Fission: Reactor Core & Fuel Rods Reactor Core : The heart of the nuclear power plant, where the nuclear fission reaction takes place. It houses the fuel rods containing uranium-235 or plutonium-239. These rods are placed in a specific arrangement to facilitate controlled fission reactions. Control Rods : Made from neutron-absorbing materials (like boron or cadmium), control rods are inserted or withdrawn from the reactor core to regulate the rate of the fission reaction. By absorbing excess neutrons, they slow down or stop the chain reaction when needed. Moderator : A material like graphite or heavy water is used to slow down the neutrons released during fission, ensuring that the reaction continues at a controlled rate.

11. Working of Nuclear power plant 2. Heat Generation: Primary Loop (Coolant System) Coolant Pumps : These pumps circulate coolant (usually water or gas) through the reactor to absorb the heat produced by the fission process. This heat is transferred to the secondary system. Heat Exchanger (or Steam Generator) : In some reactor designs, the heat from the reactor is transferred to a secondary loop using a heat exchanger. The primary coolant (heated by fission) passes through a secondary loop, where it heats water, turning it into steam without the two systems mixing.

12. Working of Nuclear power plant 3. Steam Drives Turbines: Turbine & Turbine Generator Turbine : The high-pressure steam generated in the reactor core flows through pipes to the turbine. A turbine consists of several blades attached to a rotor. When the steam hits the blades, it causes them to spin, converting the thermal energy of the steam into rotational mechanical energy. The turbine's efficiency plays a key role in the overall energy generation process. Turbine Shaft : The turbine blades are connected to a shaft that turns as the turbine spins. This shaft transfers the rotational energy to the generator. Generator : Attached to the turbine shaft, the generator consists of a rotor (a rotating part) and a stator (a stationary part). As the turbine spins the rotor, it induces a magnetic field, which generates electricity by moving the magnetic field through the stator's coils. This mechanical energy is transformed into electrical energy.

13. Working of Nuclear power plant 4. Electricity Generation: Electrical Transmission System Transformer : After the generator produces electricity, the voltage needs to be adjusted for transmission. This is where the transformer comes in. The transformer increases (or "steps up") the voltage for long-distance transmission through power lines. High voltage is needed to reduce energy loss during transmission. Switchgear and Circuit Breakers : These electrical devices protect the system by controlling and isolating sections of the electrical network during faults. They ensure that the electricity flows safely from the generator to the grid.

14. Working of Nuclear power plant 5. Cooling and Condensation: Condenser & Cooling System Condenser : After the steam passes through the turbine, it enters the condenser. The condenser is typically a large heat exchanger that cools the steam by passing it over a series of tubes containing cold water from a nearby river, lake, or cooling tower. The heat from the steam is transferred to this water, causing the steam to condense back into liquid form. Cooling Towers or Cooling Water Source : Cooling towers are often used to expel the excess heat from the condenser. Alternatively, if the plant is near a large water source, cooling water may be taken directly from the river or lake, though the water needs to be returned at a regulated temperature to avoid environmental impact

15. Working of Nuclear power plant 6. Water is Recycled: Pumping and Secondary Loop Recirculating Pumps : After the steam has condensed, the liquid water is pumped back into the reactor or steam generator to be reheated. These pumps maintain the circulation of water throughout the system. Makeup Water System : In cases where there’s water loss (due to evaporation or leakage), a makeup water system is used to add additional water to the loop to maintain the proper water levels.

16. 8,500,000,000 kWh E nergy generated by a nuclear plant per year

17. Advantages 03

18. Advantages of nuclear energy 1.High Energy Output – A small amount of nuclear fuel produces a large amount of energy. 2.Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions – Helps reduce carbon footprint compared to fossil fuels. 3.Reliable Power Supply – Provides a stable and continuous energy source (unlike solar or wind)

19. Advantages of nuclear energy 4.Efficient Land Use – Requires less space compared to other renewable energy sources. 5.Long Fuel Life – Nuclear fuel lasts much longer than fossil fuels, reducing fuel costs 6.Reduces Dependence on Fossil Fuels – Helps decrease reliance on coal, oil, and natural gas, promoting energy security.

20. 04 Disadvantages

21. Disadvantages of nuclear power plant Radioactive Waste – Produces hazardous waste that requires safe disposal and long-term management. High Initial Cost – Building a nuclear power plant is expensive and time-consuming. Nuclear Accidents – Accidents like Chernobyl and Fukushima can have severe environmental and health impacts. Limited Fuel Supply – Uranium, the main fuel, is non-renewable and has a limited supply. Security Risks – Risk of nuclear materials being misused for weapons or terrorism Risk of Meltdown – If nuclear fission gets out of control, it can lead to a reactor meltdown , releasing harmful radiation and causing severe environmental and health hazards

22. N uclear accident timeline Chernobyl , Ucrania Goiânia, Brasil Tokaimura, Japan Fukushima, Japan 2011 1999 1987 1983

23. How nuclear power plant can make the world better 04

24. Reliable Power : Provides steady energy, unlike weather-dependent renewables. Low Emissions : Nearly zero carbon emissions during operation. High Efficiency : Small amounts of fuel generate significant energy. Less Fossil Fuel Dependency : Diversifies energy sources and reduces fossil fuel reliance. Energy Security : Reduces energy imports, ensuring stability. Tech Advancements : New reactors are safer, efficient, and reduce waste. Economic Growth : Creates jobs in construction, operation, and research. Hydrogen Production : Supports clean hydrogen production for industries. Desalination : Powers plants for fresh water in water-scarce regions. Space Missions : Powers space exploration with RTGs

25. Conclusion 05

26. CONCLUSION Nuclear power plants play a crucial role in meeting the world’s growing energy demands while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. They provide a reliable and efficient source of energy but come with challenges such as waste management, safety concerns, and high initial costs. As technology evolves, advanced nuclear reactors and improved safety measures hold great promise for making nuclear energy more sustainable and widely accepted. Balancing the advantages and addressing the disadvantages will be essential for the future of nuclear power in the global energy mix.

27. Maybe you need some percentages High-Capacity nuclear power plants 6 % Old or Decommissioned nuclear power plants 25% Advanced and new generation nuclear power plants 15%

28. THANK YOU Name: Your name Roll Number: 26 Dept name: Computer science and engineering