Nursing theories

Nursing theories in management including Florence Nightingale environmental theory, Virginia Henderson theory, Faye abdella theory.

1. Nursing theories

2. Introduction : The term “theory” is used in many ways. For example, Nursing teachers and students are use the term “theory” to refer to the content covered in classroom, as opposed to the actual practice of performing nursing activities. Whatever the usages the term, “theory” almost always cannot an abstraction or generalization.

3. Definition: Theory is a systematic abstraction of reality that serves some purpose. ( Chinn and Kramer 1991) A set of concepts, definition, relationships and assumptions that project a systematic view of a phenomenon.

4. Components of theory: Concepts :- Ideas and mental images that help to describe phenomenon. Definitions :- Convey the general meaning of phenomenon Assumptions :- Statement that describe concepts Phenomenon :- Aspect of reality that can be consciously sensed or experience

5. PURPOSES : The overall purpose of theory is to make scientific finding meaningful and generalizable. Theories allow scientists to knit together observations and facts into an orderly system . Theories provide a method of classifying ad organizing data in a logical and meaningful manner. Theories are always changing at any given point of time. In a given area of study, theories in all stages of development can be found.

6. Types : PRESCRIPTIVE THEORIES (Address nursing intervention and predict their consequences) GRAND THEORIES ( B road and complex) DESCRIPTIVE THEORIES (First level of theory development) MIDDLE RANGE THEPRIES (Address specific phenomenon and reflect practice)

7. How do nurses use theory in every day practice: Organize, understand and analyze patient data Make decision about nursing intervention Plan patient care Predict outcomes of care Evaluate patient outcomes

8. Essential concepts in nursing theory: Man Health Environment Nursing

9. 1. Florence nightingale environmental theory: Often consider the first nurse theorist Define nursing as “ the act of utilizing the environment of patient to assist him in his recovery. This theory is a integral part of nursing today

10. Five factor of nightangle theory: Pure or fresh air Pure water Efficient drainage Cleanliness Light

11. General concept of environmental sanitation: Proper ventilation Adequate lightning Cleanliness Adequate warmth Quite Diet

12. Four major concepts of theory : Environment : physical component of environment include ventilation, warming , health of houses, light, noise, bed and bedding, cleanliness of rooms and walls, food. Social and psychological environment includes advices and observations of sick.

13. Person: Person is the individual who receives the nursing care Health: Health dose not mean be well only but to be able to use power of individual. Nursing : Means who are educated in the art and the science of nursing. Able to apply nursing process.

14. Application of theory in nursing process: Assessment Nursing diagnosis Goal Planning Rationale Implement- ation Evaluation

15. Suggestions: Maintain adequate ventilation Promote adequate and appropriate nutrition Maintain normal homeostatic body temperature Observe basic hygiene Comfort measures including environmental sanitation

16. 2. Virginia Henderson's theory:

17. Also known as fourteen fundamental need theory Born in 1897 in Kansas city in massorie Attended army school of nursing at Walter reed hospital and completed diploma in 1921 Completed her bachelors and masters degree in 1934 from teachers college, Colombia university. She work as a instructor from 1924-1934, nursing faculty member at Colombia university till 1948 then work as a nursing research associate in 1954 at Yale university of nursing Also known as morden day mother nursing.

18. 14 basics needs: Breathing normally Eating and drinking adequately Eliminating body wastes Moving and maintaining desirable position sleeping and resting Selecting suitable clothes

19. 7. Maintaining body temperature within normal range 8. Keeping the body clean and well groomed 9. Avoiding dangers in the environment 10. Communicating with others 11. Worship according to one’s faith 12. Working in such a way that one feels a sense of accomplishment

20. 13. P laying/ participating various forms of recreation 14. Learning, discovering and satisfying the curiosity that leads to normal development and health and using available health facilities.

21. Major concepts : Environment : It involves patient family and avoiding dangers in the environment. Person : Is an individual need helps to achieve health, independent and peaceful death.

22. Health : Balance in all realms of life or ability to independently perform 14 basic needs Nursing : infinite need for knowledge of biological and social sciences and skills based on them

23. Application in nursing process:

24. Faye abdella theory: Problem solving approach to 21 nursing problems

25. She was born on 13 march 1919 in New York city Dedicated her life to nursing as a educator and researcher First women to become a surgeon general as a nurse Graduate with master degree at Colombia university Bachelor degree in nursing 1945 , master degree in physiology 1947, doctorate in education 1955

26. Focus on proper identification of problems, nursing diagnosis Nurse centered Nursing is a comprehensive service that based on art and science. Its main aim is to help the people sick or well.

27. 21 nursing problems: To maintain good hygiene To promote optimal activity, exercise, rest and sleep To promote safety To maintain good body mechanics To facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen To facilitate maintenance of nutrition

28. To facilitate maintenance of elimination To facilitate the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance To recognize the psychological response of the body to disease condition To facilitate the maintenance of regulatory mechanisms and functions To facilitate the maintenance of sensory function

29. To identify and accept positive and negative expressions, feelings and reactions To identify and accept interrelatedness of emotions and illness To facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal and non-verbal communications To promote the development of productive interpersonal relationship To facilitate progress towards achievement of personal spiritual goals

30. To create and maintain a therapeutic environment T o facilitate awareness of self as an individual with varying needs To accept the optimum possible goals To use community resources as an aid in resolving problems arising from illness To understand the role of social problems as influencing factors

31. Major concepts: