Nylon 6 Fiber

Presentation

1. NYLON6FIBER
By: Asaye Dessie
Jan. 2019
NYLON6FIBER
By: Asaye Dessie
Jan. 2019
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2. Content
Introduction
Caprolactam
Synthesis and production of Caprolactam
Polymerization process
Fiber formation
The average molecular weight
Chemical structure of nylon 6
Characteristics
End use
Content
Introduction
Caprolactam
Synthesis and production of Caprolactam
Polymerization process
Fiber formation
The average molecular weight
Chemical structure of nylon 6
Characteristics
End use
Content
Introduction
Caprolactam
Synthesis and production of Caprolactam
Polymerization process
Fiber formation
The average molecular weight
Chemical structure of nylon 6
Characteristics
End use
Content
Introduction
Caprolactam
Synthesis and production of Caprolactam
Polymerization process
Fiber formation
The average molecular weight
Chemical structure of nylon 6
Characteristics
End use
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3. NYLON 6NYLON 6
Nylon 6orpolycaprolactamis a polymer developed by Paul Schlack at
IGFarbento reproduce the properties of nylon 6,6.
Nylon 6 isa family of polymers called linear polyamides.
Nylon-6is made from a monomer called caprolactam.
It is formed by ring-opening polymerization.
It is a semi-crystalline polyamide.
Nylon is produced by melt spinning.
Available in staple, tow, monofilament, and multi-filament form.
It is sold under numerous trade names includingPerlon,Dederon,
Nylatron,Capron,Ultramid,Akulon, Kapron andDurethan.
Introduction
Nylon 6orpolycaprolactamis a polymer developed by Paul Schlack at
IGFarbento reproduce the properties of nylon 6,6.
Nylon 6 isa family of polymers called linear polyamides.
Nylon-6is made from a monomer called caprolactam.
It is formed by ring-opening polymerization.
It is a semi-crystalline polyamide.
Nylon is produced by melt spinning.
Available in staple, tow, monofilament, and multi-filament form.
It is sold under numerous trade names includingPerlon,Dederon,
Nylatron,Capron,Ultramid,Akulon, Kapron andDurethan.
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4. CaprolactamCaprolactam
Caprolactam is an organic compound with the formula (CH
2)
5C(O)NH.
Thiscolourlesssolid is a lactam (a cyclic amide) ofcaproicacid.
Caprolactam is the precursor to Nylon 6, a widely used synthetic polymer.
Caprolactam was first described in the late 1800s when it was prepared by
the cyclization ofε-aminocaproicacid, the product of the hydrolysis of
caprolactam.
ε-Caprolactam: Crude oil → benzene → cyclohexane → cyclohexanone
→ cyclohexanone oxime → caprolactam
Caprolactam is an organic compound with the formula (CH
2)
5C(O)NH.
Thiscolourlesssolid is a lactam (a cyclic amide) ofcaproicacid.
Caprolactam is the precursor to Nylon 6, a widely used synthetic polymer.
Caprolactam was first described in the late 1800s when it was prepared by
the cyclization ofε-aminocaproicacid, the product of the hydrolysis of
caprolactam.
ε-Caprolactam: Crude oil → benzene → cyclohexane → cyclohexanone
→ cyclohexanone oxime → caprolactam
Caprolactam is an organic compound with the formula (CH
2)
5C(O)NH.
Thiscolourlesssolid is a lactam (a cyclic amide) ofcaproicacid.
Caprolactam is the precursor to Nylon 6, a widely used synthetic polymer.
Caprolactam was first described in the late 1800s when it was prepared by
the cyclization ofε-aminocaproicacid, the product of the hydrolysis of
caprolactam.
ε-Caprolactam: Crude oil → benzene → cyclohexane → cyclohexanone
→ cyclohexanone oxime → caprolactam
Caprolactam is an organic compound with the formula (CH
2)
5C(O)NH.
Thiscolourlesssolid is a lactam (a cyclic amide) ofcaproicacid.
Caprolactam is the precursor to Nylon 6, a widely used synthetic polymer.
Caprolactam was first described in the late 1800s when it was prepared by
the cyclization ofε-aminocaproicacid, the product of the hydrolysis of
caprolactam.
ε-Caprolactam: Crude oil → benzene → cyclohexane → cyclohexanone
→ cyclohexanone oxime → caprolactam
Chemical structure of caprolactam
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5. Synthesis and production of CaprolactamSynthesis and production of Caprolactam
Many methods have been developed for the production of caprolactam.
Most of the caprolactam issynthesisedfromcyclohexanone, which is
first converted to itsoxime.
Treatment of thisoximewith acid induces the Beckmann rearrangement
to give caprolactam:
Many methods have been developed for the production of caprolactam.
Most of the caprolactam issynthesisedfromcyclohexanone, which is
first converted to itsoxime.
Treatment of thisoximewith acid induces the Beckmann rearrangement
to give caprolactam:
Many methods have been developed for the production of caprolactam.
Most of the caprolactam issynthesisedfromcyclohexanone, which is
first converted to itsoxime.
Treatment of thisoximewith acid induces the Beckmann rearrangement
to give caprolactam:
The other methods involves formation of theoximefromcyclohexane
usingnitrosylchloride.
Cyclohexaneis less expensive thancyclohexanone.
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6. Polymerization ProcessPolymerization Process
Nylon 6 can be modified usingcomonomersor stabilizers during
polymerization to introducenew chain endorfunctional groups.
Nylon 6 is only made from one kind of monomer, a monomer called
caprolactam.
It is synthesizedbyring-opening polymerizationofcaprolactam.
Caprolactam has 6 carbons, hence'Nylon 6'.
Caprolactamis heated at about533°Kinan inertatmosphereof
nitrogenforabout4-5 hours, thering breaks and undergoes
polymerization.
Thenthemolten massis passed through spinnerets to formfibresof
nylon6.
Nylon 6 can be modified usingcomonomersor stabilizers during
polymerization to introducenew chain endorfunctional groups.
Nylon 6 is only made from one kind of monomer, a monomer called
caprolactam.
It is synthesizedbyring-opening polymerizationofcaprolactam.
Caprolactam has 6 carbons, hence'Nylon 6'.
Caprolactamis heated at about533°Kinan inertatmosphereof
nitrogenforabout4-5 hours, thering breaks and undergoes
polymerization.
Thenthemolten massis passed through spinnerets to formfibresof
nylon6. 6

7. Cont.Cont.
During polymerization, theamide bondwithin each caprolactam molecule
is broken.
With the active groups on each sidere-formingtwo new bonds as the
monomer becomes part of the polymer backbone.
All nylon 6 amide bonds lie in thesame direction.
Two ways to carry out a ring-opening polymerization ofe-caprolactam.
Nylon 6 is made using awater-initiated process.
Nylon 6 is made using astrong baseas an initiator.
Carriedout in asemi batch reactoror acontinuous tubular reactor(V K
Tube).
During polymerization, theamide bondwithin each caprolactam molecule
is broken.
With the active groups on each sidere-formingtwo new bonds as the
monomer becomes part of the polymer backbone.
All nylon 6 amide bonds lie in thesame direction.
Two ways to carry out a ring-opening polymerization ofe-caprolactam.
Nylon 6 is made using awater-initiated process.
Nylon 6 is made using astrong baseas an initiator.
Carriedout in asemi batch reactoror acontinuous tubular reactor(V K
Tube).
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8. Cont.…Cont.…
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9. Fiber ProductionFiber Production
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10. Average Molecular WeightAverage Molecular Weight
One of the most important factors in polymer processing is viscosity, which
is a function of molecular weight.
SincePolycaprolactamcan be regarded at equilibrium as a
polycondensationpolymer, the number-average molecular weight alone is
sufficient for its characterization.
The number-average molecular weight, of nylon 6 has been determined by
the methylation method.
The starting polymers were prepared from caprolactam and polymerized in
the presence of water in a glass capsule.
In a typical synthesis,5% water was employed and reacted for4h at 240 ºC.
The reaction mass was ground to a particle size of0.2-0.5 mm.
Thelactamin the sample was extracted with boiling methanol.
One of the most important factors in polymer processing is viscosity, which
is a function of molecular weight.
SincePolycaprolactamcan be regarded at equilibrium as a
polycondensationpolymer, the number-average molecular weight alone is
sufficient for its characterization.
The number-average molecular weight, of nylon 6 has been determined by
the methylation method.
The starting polymers were prepared from caprolactam and polymerized in
the presence of water in a glass capsule.
In a typical synthesis,5% water was employed and reacted for4h at 240 ºC.
The reaction mass was ground to a particle size of0.2-0.5 mm.
Thelactamin the sample was extracted with boiling methanol.
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11. Cont.Cont.
Polycaprolactamsuitable for fiber production has a molecular weight ranging from
14,000-20,000.
Molecularweight of repeat unit: 113.16 g/mol.
Molecular weights of nylon 6 are generally in the same range as those of nylon 6,6.
The melt viscosity of the polymer can be represented as a function of molecular
weight by the relationship:
In the case of nylons, the value of exponent a normally is in the range of 3.4-3.8.
MWav (polymer) = DPxMWav (mer)
Polycaprolactamsuitable for fiber production has a molecular weight ranging from
14,000-20,000.
Molecularweight of repeat unit: 113.16 g/mol.
Molecular weights of nylon 6 are generally in the same range as those of nylon 6,6.
The melt viscosity of the polymer can be represented as a function of molecular
weight by the relationship:
In the case of nylons, the value of exponent a normally is in the range of 3.4-3.8.
η=K (M
w)
a
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12. Nylon 6 StructureNylon 6 Structure
oExtensive H-bonding between amide groups
oVander walls forces between flexible methyl chains
oTendency ofhydrophobicity
oExtensive H-bonding between amide groups
oVander walls forces between flexible methyl chains
oTendency ofhydrophobicity
oExtensive H-bonding between amide groups
oVander walls forces between flexible methyl chains
oTendency ofhydrophobicity
oExtensive H-bonding between amide groups
oVander walls forces between flexible methyl chains
oTendency ofhydrophobicity
Polymerization:ring openingpolymerization
Functional group: amide group-(-CO-NH-)-
Molecular configuration: linear zigzag
Crystallinity:High
Cross-sectional and longitudinal shape: can be any thing
Polymerization:ring openingpolymerization
Functional group: amide group-(-CO-NH-)-
Molecular configuration: linear zigzag
Crystallinity:High
Cross-sectional and longitudinal shape: can be any thing
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13. Cont..
Round & rod like with smooth surface and no striations
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14. The Main difference in between nylon 6 and nylon 6,6The Main difference in between nylon 6 and nylon 6,6
They have difference in polymer structure and physical properties.
Length of repeat unit anddirectionality
Polymerization mode
More favorable hydrogen bonding
•The arrangement of atoms for type 6,6 nylon allows for more favorable hydrogen
bonding than type 6 nylon.
More highly ordered
•Type 6,6 nylon is more crystalline and ordered than type 6 nylon
Higher melting point
•Type6,6 nylon melts at255-265°C, type6 nylon melts at210-220°C.
Lower permeability
•Type 6,6 nylon with its tighter, more dense, more ordered polymer structure retards
stain penetration due to lower permeability than type 6 nylon.
They have difference in polymer structure and physical properties.
Length of repeat unit anddirectionality
Polymerization mode
More favorable hydrogen bonding
•The arrangement of atoms for type 6,6 nylon allows for more favorable hydrogen
bonding than type 6 nylon.
More highly ordered
•Type 6,6 nylon is more crystalline and ordered than type 6 nylon
Higher melting point
•Type6,6 nylon melts at255-265°C, type6 nylon melts at210-220°C.
Lower permeability
•Type 6,6 nylon with its tighter, more dense, more ordered polymer structure retards
stain penetration due to lower permeability than type 6 nylon.
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15. Nylon 6 CharacteristicsNylon 6 Characteristics
Nylon 6fibresaretough, possessinghigh tensile strength, as well as
elasticityandlustre.
Theyarewrinkle proofandhighly resistant to abrasionandchemicals
such as acids and alkalis.
Thefibrescan absorb up to2.4% of water, although this lowers tensile
strength.
Theglass transition temperature of Nylon 6is 47°C.
As a synthetic fiber, Nylon 6 is generallywhitebut can bedyedto in a
solution bath prior to production fordifferent colorresults.
Itstenacity is between6 and 8.5 gm/denwith a density of1.14 gm/cc.
Itsmelting point is at215°Cand can protect heat up to150°Con average.
Nylon 6fibresaretough, possessinghigh tensile strength, as well as
elasticityandlustre.
Theyarewrinkle proofandhighly resistant to abrasionandchemicals
such as acids and alkalis.
Thefibrescan absorb up to2.4% of water, although this lowers tensile
strength.
Theglass transition temperature of Nylon 6is 47°C.
As a synthetic fiber, Nylon 6 is generallywhitebut can bedyedto in a
solution bath prior to production fordifferent colorresults.
Itstenacity is between6 and 8.5 gm/denwith a density of1.14 gm/cc.
Itsmelting point is at215°Cand can protect heat up to150°Con average.
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16. Nylon 6CharacteristicsNylon 6Characteristics
Tenacity: high
Elongation: high
Recovery: high
Energy of rupture: high due to high tenacity and high elongation
Flexibility: high
Resiliency: Excellent.
Dimensional stability: Good.
Specific gravity: 1.14g/cc
Softening point: nylon 6,6–229
0
C, nylon 6–149
0
C.
Easy to wash
Poor resistance tosunlight
Hand feel: Soft and smooth.
Meltsinstead of burning
Tenacity: high
Elongation: high
Recovery: high
Energy of rupture: high due to high tenacity and high elongation
Flexibility: high
Resiliency: Excellent.
Dimensional stability: Good.
Specific gravity: 1.14g/cc
Softening point: nylon 6,6–229
0
C, nylon 6–149
0
C.
Easy to wash
Poor resistance tosunlight
Hand feel: Soft and smooth.
Meltsinstead of burning
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17. SomeMajor Nylon Fiber UsesSomeMajor Nylon Fiber Uses
Apparel:Blouses, dresses, foundation garments, hosiery, lingerie,
underwear, raincoats, ski apparel, windbreakers, swimwear, and
cycle wear
Home Furnishings:Bedspreads, carpets, curtains, upholstery
Industrial and Other Uses: Tire cord, hoses, conveyer and seat
belts, parachutes, racket strings, ropes and nets, sleeping bags,
tarpaulins, tents, thread, monofilament fishing line, dental floss
Apparel:Blouses, dresses, foundation garments, hosiery, lingerie,
underwear, raincoats, ski apparel, windbreakers, swimwear, and
cycle wear
Home Furnishings:Bedspreads, carpets, curtains, upholstery
Industrial and Other Uses: Tire cord, hoses, conveyer and seat
belts, parachutes, racket strings, ropes and nets, sleeping bags,
tarpaulins, tents, thread, monofilament fishing line, dental floss
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18. Thank You For Your Attention!!Thank You For Your Attention!!
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