o2 requirements of microbial culture.pptx

To learn about oxygen requirements of microbial culture in process biotechnology upstream.

1. XBT602 PROCESS BIOTECHNOLOGY_ UPSTREAM OXYGEN REQUIREMENT OF MICROBIAL CULTURE SUBMITTED TO: MS.P.MALA (ASSISTANT.PROFESSOR) PMIST BIOTECHNOLOGY THANJAVUR PRESENTED BY: K.BHUVANESHWARI[1210111014 14] R.SAYEESRI[1210111014 28 ] III YEAR BIOTECHNOLOGY PMIST THANJAVUR.

2. WHAT IS MICROBIAL CULTURES? A microbiology culture is a method of multiplying  microbial organisms  by letting them reproduce in predetermined  culture medium  under controlled laboratory conditions. Microbial cultures are foundational and basic diagnostic methods used as research tools in  molecular biology . The term  culture  can also refer to the microorganisms being grown.

3. TYPES: Batch culture: A closed culture system with a limited amount of medium, where the microbe grows until the nutrients are exhausted or the waste products accumulate. Fed-batch culture: A batch culture that is continuously fed with fresh medium without removing the culture or the products, allowing for higher cell densities and productivity. Continuous culture: An open culture system where fresh medium is constantly added and culture is constantly removed, maintaining a steady state of growth and nutrient availability. Blood culture: A culture that checks for systemic infection throughout the body, such as sepsis, by testing a sample of blood. Cerebrospinal fluid culture: A culture that tests a sample of the fluid that protects the spine for infection, such as meningitis.

4. OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS OF MICROBIAL CULTURES The oxygen requirements of microbial cultures vary depending on the specific microorganism. Some microbes are obligate aerobes, requiring oxygen for growth, while others are obligate anaerobes, unable to grow in the presence of oxygen. Additionally, there are facultative anaerobes that can grow with or without oxygen, and microaerophiles that require reduced levels of oxygen. The oxygen requirements are often determined by the enzymes involved in respiration and metabolism within the microorganism.

5. HOW OXYGEN PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN MICROBIAL CULTURES? In microbial culture, oxygen plays a crucial role in aerobic respiration, which is the process by which microorganisms generate energy from organic compounds. During aerobic respiration, oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing the microorganism to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell. Oxygen is used by the microorganism to oxidize organic molecules, releasing energy that is captured and used to drive cellular processes. This process involves a series of biochemical reactions, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.In addition to serving as a terminal electron acceptor, oxygen also plays a role in maintaining the redox balance within the cell by participating in various oxidation-reduction reactions..

6. Overall, oxygen is essential for the growth and metabolism of aerobic microorganisms, providing the necessary conditions for them to thrive in a culture medium. However, it's important to note that the oxygen requirements can vary among different microorganisms, with some requiring higher levels of oxygen while others preferring lower levels or even anaerobic conditions Bacterial species are classified by their oxygen requirements as follows: obligate aerobes: Produce ATP via aerobic respiration. Require  around 20%  atmospheric oxygen. microaerophiles: Produce ATP via aerobic respiration or fermentation. Require between 5-15% atmospheric oxygen for growth.

7. 1.)Aerobic Microorganisms:*These microorganisms require oxygen for their growth and metabolism.*Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in their respiratory chain during cellular respiration.*Examples include most bacteria, fungi, and some protozoa.

8. 2.)Anaerobic Microorganisms:*These microorganisms thrive in the absence of oxygen.*Some use alternative electron acceptors, such as nitrate or sulfate, for their respiratory processes.*Examples include certain bacteria and archaea.

9. 3.)Facultative Anaerobes:*These microorganisms can adapt to both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.*They switch between fermentation in anaerobic conditions and aerobic respiration in the presence of oxygen.*Examples include Escherichia coli (E. coli) and yeast.

10. 4.)Microaerophiles:*These microorganisms require low levels of oxygen (lower than atmospheric levels) for optimal growth.*Oxygen sensitivity varies among them, and they may be harmed by high oxygen concentrations.*Examples include some Campylobacter species.

11. QUIZ 1.These microorganisms require oxygen for their growth and metabolism? A]Aerobic B]Anaerobic C]Facultative anaerobes D]Microaerophiles

12. QUIZ 1.These microorganisms require absence oxygen for their growth and metabolism? A]Aerobic B]Anaerobic C]Facultative anaerobes D]Microaerophiles

13. QUIZ 1.These microorganisms adapt for both aerobic and anaerobic conditions? A]Aerobic B]Anaerobic C]Facultative anaerobes D]Microaerophiles

14. QUIZ 1.These microorganisms requires low level of oxygen? A]Aerobic B]Anaerobic C]Facultative anaerobes D]Microaerophiles

15. REFERENCES: 1.)https://openstax.org/books/microbiology/pages/9-2-oxygen-requirements-for-microbial-growth 2.)https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/oxygen-requirement 3.)https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/North_Carolina_State_University/MB352_General_Microbiology_Laboratory_2021_(Lee)/06%3A_Microbial_Physiology/6.01%3A_Introduction_to_Oxygen_Requirements

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