ocean microbiome and its importance.pptx

This ppt highlights the microorganisms present in the ocean, their composition, and the interaction of microorganisms with the aquatic ecosystem

1. INVISIBLE MAJORITY OF OCEAN : OCEAN MICROBIOME SUBMITTED BY- ADITYA KUMAR BARIK REGD NO- 23308004 MSc 1st YEAR DEPT OF MICROBIOLOGY

2. What Is The Ocean Microbiome? It refers to the diverse community of microorganisms found in marine environments, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and single-celled eukaryotes. Includes their theatre of activity like nutrient recycling, carbon sequestration, ecosystem health, etc. Most microscopic organisms are largely unknown, even though they account for more than 2/3 of the ocean’s biomass. Microorganisms are found everywhere, thriving in the high seas, coral reefs, deep sea trenches, on and inside the body of marine organisms.

3. Composition of ocean microbiome Bacteria: Studies estimate that a single milliliter of seawater can contain up to a billion bacterial cells. Archaea: Archaeal populations vary depending on factors such as depth, temperature, and salinity. Viruses: They're estimated to be the most numerous biological entities in the ocean, with densities ranging from thousands to millions per milliliter of seawater. Protists: Single-celled eukaryotes like diatoms, dinoflagellates, and phytoplankton form the base of the marine food web.

4. Importance of ocean microbiome Nutrient Cycling: Breaking down organic matter and recycling nutrients. They decompose dead organisms and organic particles. Carbon Sequestration: Phytoplankton plays a vital role in carbon sequestration through photosynthesis. This process helps mitigate climate change. Symbiotic Relationships: For example, coral reefs depend on symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) for their energy needs and growth. Regulation of Marine Food Webs: Microorganisms form the base of marine food webs. Climate Regulation: Production of climate-active gases such as dimethyl sulfide (DMS). Play a role in the regulation of oceanic oxygen levels.

5. MICROBIAL LOOP The microbial loop is simply a model of the pathways of carbon and nutrient cycling through microbial components of pelagic aquatic communities .

6. Study of ocean microbiome Metagenomics: By sequencing DNA from seawater samples, researchers can identify the taxonomic composition of microbial populations and infer their metabolic capabilities. Metatranscriptomics : It focuses on sequencing RNA molecules to study gene expression patterns within microbial communities. Metaproteomics : Identifying and quantifying proteins expressed by microbial communities. Bioinformatics : To process raw sequence data, identify microbial taxa, annotate functional genes, and infer metabolic pathways.

7. Challenges to ocean microbiome Climate Change Pollution Habitat Destruction Ocean Deoxygenation Ocean Acidification

8. Advancing to the future Precision Oceanography: Comprehensive and detailed surveys of ocean microbiomes. Microbial Bioprospecting: Discovery and characterization of novel enzymes, and bioactive molecules. Bioremediation and Waste Management: Development of microbial-based technologies for bioremediation of oil spills, nutrient runoff, plastic pollution, and other forms of marine pollution. Climate Change Mitigation: Leveraging microbial processes for carbon capture and storage, enhancing carbon sinks in marine ecosystems, and mitigating the impacts of ocean acidification and deoxygenation.

9. SOME FACTS To date, the majority of ocean microorganisms remain uncharacterized. The ocean microbiome is estimated at 4 gigatons of carbon which is 4 times the overall biomass of insects on Earth. The total number of prokaryotic genes identified in the Ocean is similar to that of the human intestine. Tara Microbiome mission(2020-2022).

10. references https://fondationtaraocean.org/en/mission-microbiomes/marine-microbiome-majority-invisible-ocean/ https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-022-01145-5