Ocean thermal energy conversion system ( otec)

Ocean thermal energy conversion system

1. OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION By- Ahammad Siyam Reg no : 2201022833 Guided by Hari Krishna HOD in Mechanical engineering

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION TYPES OF OTEC SYSTEM APPLICATIONS Advantages & Disadvantages of OTEC FUTURE PROSPECTS CONCLUSION REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a marine renewable energy technology that converts solar radiation to electrical power by using the temperature difference between deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface water. Oceans cover more than 70% of Earth’s surface and captures a large part of the sun’s heat, making them the world’s largest solar energy collector.

4. OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is an electricity generation system.. In equatorial areas the temperature between the warm surface water and the deep cold ocean water differs by about 20°C. Bigger the temperature difference, the higher will be the efficiency. Power is converted to high voltage DC, and is cabled to shore for conversion to AC and integration into the local power distribution network.

5. MAIN COMPONENTS OF OTEC SYSTEM Water pipes (20inch radius) Heat exchanger ( Evaporator & Condenser) Turbine Generator

6. TYPES OF OTEC SYSTEM There are three types OTEC system: Closed or Anderson Cycle OTEC System Open or Claude Cycle OTEC System Hybrid Cycle OTEC System

7. In the closed cycle, a working fluid, such as ammonia, is pumped through a heat exchanger (evaporator) and vaporized. This vaporized steam spins a turbine. The cold water found at the depths of the ocean condenses the vapor back to a fluid where it returns to the heat exchanger (condenser). Evaporated fluids expands in turbine, which runs a generator to produce power. Boiling point of ammonia is (-33°C). CLOSED CYCLE OTEC SYSTEM

8. CLOSED CYCLE OTEC SYSTEM

9. OPEN CYCLE OTEC SYSTEM In open-cycle, the sea water is itself used to generate heat without any kind of intermediate fluid. Warm seawater is expanded rapidly in a vacuum chamber where some of it 'flashes' to steam. This steam is used to drive a steam turbine. From the exhaust of the turbine, the vapor is condensed using cold seawater. Vapor expands and spins a turbine coupled to a turbo-generator to produce current.

10. SCHEMATIC OF OPEN CYCLE

11. HYBRID CYCLE OTEC SYSTEM A hybrid cycle combines the features of the closed- and open-cycle systems. Warm seawater enters a vacuum chamber and is flash-evaporated, similar to the open-cycle evaporation process. The steam vaporizes ammonia, working fluid of a closed-cycle on the other side of an ammonia vaporizer. Vaporized fluid drives a turbine to produce electrical power. This fluid leaves the condenser and is pumped to the evaporator to repeat the cycle.

12. HYBRID CYCLE OTEC SYSTEM

13. APPLICATIONS OF OTEC Air-conditioning Aquaculture Desalinating Water Mineral Extraction Power Generation Refrigeration

14. Advantages of OTEC OTEC uses clean, renewable, natural resources. OTEC systems can produce fresh water as well as electricity. Suitably designed OTEC plants will produce little or no carbon dioxide. The use of OTEC as a source of electricity will help reduce the state’s almost complete dependence on imported fossil fuels.

15. Disadvantages of OTEC OTEC-produced electricity at cost more than electricity generated from fossil fuels at their current costs.
OTEC plants must be located on equatorial and tropical zone.
Construction of OTEC plants and lying of pipes in coastal waters may cause localised damage to reefs and near-shore marine ecosystems.

16. FUTURE PROSPECTS OTEC Technology has the potential to be integrated with other commercial systems and products (e.g.- potable water and hydrogen). Energy and Economics can be enhanced by employing super efficient Hybrid Cycle OTEC system.

17. CONCLUSION Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion is a potential source of renewable energy that creates no emissions. It is fuel free. If proper research and development is carried on in this field we can satisfactorily fulfil the needs of the people and reduce our dependence on fossil fuels which contributes to large part of our energy requirement but is bound to be exhausted in a few years.

18. REFERENCES https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_thermal_energy_conversion https://www.makai.com/ocean-thermal-energy-conversion/ http://www.livescience.com/3155-energy-debates-ocean-thermal-energy-conversion.html http://coolmyplanet.org/otec/ http://www.otecnews.org/what-is-otec/

19. Thank You!