OECD Centre for Skills webinar 21 June 2024 "AI innovation, skills development and inclusive growth"

Presentation from the OECD Centre for Skills webinar on 21 June 2024 “AI innovation, skills development, and inclusive growth”.

1. AI INNOVATION, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT,
AND INCLUSIVE GROWTH
21 June 2024
EL IZA MOHAMEDOU
HEAD OF THE OECD CENTRE FOR SKILLS

2. Restricted Use - À usage restreint
Adults’ perception of the long-term impact of AI in
selected countries, 2021
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
%
Neither/refused No opinion Mostly help Mostly harm
Percentage of adults who perceive AI in the next 20 years to “mostly help”, “mostly harm”, had “no opinion” or
“neither/refused”
•On average:
•35% of adults in OECD countries
held a ‘pessimistic’ vision of AI
•42% of adults in OECD countries
held an ‘optimistic’ vision of AI
Source: OECD Skills Outlook 2023.

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Skills to develop, maintain
and adapt AI systems
Skills to facilitate AI
adoption
Skills to work alongside AI
Skills to live in a world in
which AI is used
AI and Skills Policies
AI
Professionals
Population
Workers
Data technicians

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Closing the Digital Gap:
Empowering Seniors with AI for seniors
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
%
Individuals aged 25-64 with basic or above basic overall digital skills (all five component indicators are at basic or above basic
level)
Individuals aged 64-74 with basic or above basic overall digital skills (all five component indicators are at basic or above basic level)
Digital Proficiency Across EU Countries
Source: Eurostat 2023

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32
The demand for professionals with AI skills is small but is
growing
Source: OECD Skills Outlook 2023.
Share of online vacancies requiring AI skills in selected countries, 2019 and 2022
% of online vacancies advertising positions requiring AI skills
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
%
20222019
•On average across countries, the share of
online vacancies requiring AI skills
increased from 0.3%in 2019to 0.4%in
2022
•The share of online vacancies requiring AI
skills increased by 33% on average. In
Spainand New Zealand, shares increased
by 155%and 150%, respectively

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Positions requiring AI skills are highest in ICT and
Professional Services sectors
Top 3 industries in which online vacancies requiring AI skills are advertised
Percentage of online vacancies advertising positions requiring AI skills in specific industries and averaged across 2019-22, by country
On average across English-
speakingand European
countries, the average share of
positions requiring AI skills was:
•25% forProfessional Activities
•24% forICT
•13%for Manufacturing
Source: OECD Skills Outlook 2023.

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Examples of skills within each of the seven AI-related
skill clusters identified in online vacancies
Artificial
Intelligence
Autonomous
Driving
Machine
Learning
Natural
Language
Processing
Neural NetworksRobotics
Visual Image
Recognition
Baidu
Advanced Driver
Assistance
Systems
Supervised
Learning
Text MiningTensorFlow
Cognitive
Robotics
3D
Reconstruction
Intelligent
Control
Autonomous
System
Test DatasetsTokenization Pybrain
Motion
Planning
Activity
Recognition
Weka Path Finding
Training
Datasets
Voice
Interaction
Long Short-Term
Memory (LSTM)
Robot
Framework
Computer
Vision
OpenAI GymRemote Sensing
Vowpal
Wabbit
Voice User
Interface
Keras(Neural
Network Library)
Nvidia
Jetson
Machine Vision
Watson
Studio
OpenCV Xgboost
Word2Vec
Models
Long Short-Term
Memory (LSTM)
ServomotorEye Tracking
Source: OECD Skills Outlook 2023.

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Variation in the demand for specific AI skills clusters over
time and across countries
Trend in the demand for AI workers
Percentage of online vacancies requiring AI skills, by skill cluster & year
Geographical distribution of AI skills clusters
Percentage of online vacancies requiring AI skills averaged across 2019-
22, by skill cluster & country
Source: OECD Skills Outlook 2023.

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-5
5
15
25
35
45
55
Agile Methods
Statistics
SQL
Software Engineering
Software…
Scalability
R
Python
Microsoft Azure
Java
Data Science
Data Analysis
Computer Science
C++
Business Intelligence
Big Data
AWS
Automation
Apache Hadoop
Algorithms
Panel A: Technical skills
0
10
20
30
40
50
Communications
Writing
Verbal Comms.
Self-Motivation
Sales
Research
Problem Solving
Presentations
Planning
Operations
Mentor
Mathematics
Management
Leadership
Interp. Comms.
Innovation
Forecasting
Decision Making
Customer Service
Consulting
Panel B: Socio- emotional and foundational skills
Non-AIOther AITop AI
Employers seeking AI talent require much more than
AI-related skills
Top 20 skills in AI job postings by US top AI employers, (2022)
Percentage of AI online vacancies by top AI vs other AI employers and percentage of non- AI online vacancies requiring specific skills, United States
34
Source: OECD Skills Outlook 2023.

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33
… and only very few AI jobs mention keywords
related to ethics in AI
Percentage of online AI job postings mentioning keywords related to ethics, 2019 and 2022
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
20222019
%
Despite a sharp increase between 2019 and
2022 in most countries, less than 1% of
vacancies demanding AI skills mentioned the
importance of ethical considerations in AI.
Source: OECD Skills Outlook 2023.

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Ethics in university curricula
https://galaxy.opensyllabus.org/#!viewport/-26.7386/27.8544/-11.1928/9.9194
A Theory of Justice
John Rawls -Assigned on
5,228 English language
syllabi
Philosophy, Law
and Criminology
International
Relations
Urban, Environmental
studies & Architecture
Statistics, Computer science, Math and Information Science

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AI courses in university curricula

13. THANK YOU
www.oecd.org/en/about/directorates/centre-for -skills