Oligohydramnios: Causes, Risks, and Treatment Options Explained 🤰💧

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCKuQTD2Sd8

In this detailed video, we dive deep into oligohydramnios, a condition in pregnancy characterized by low amniotic fluid levels, and explore its causes, risks, and management options. Whether you're a healthcare professional, an expecting parent, or simply interested in pregnancy health, this comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know.

⏳ Video Timeline:

AFI (Amniotic Fluid Index) Overview – 2:59
Causes of Oligohydramnios – 3:35
Clinical Features of Oligohydramnios – 6:59
Diagnostic Tools for Oligohydramnios – 9:50
Complications Associated with Oligohydramnios – 12:53
Management Strategies for Oligohydramnios – 14:47
Complete Exam Overview – 17:21
Summary of Key Points – 22:36
References & Doubts – 23:56
We’ll cover the causes of oligohydramnios, from placental insufficiency to maternal conditions. Learn about the clinical features and how it affects both the baby and the mother. We’ll also discuss the diagnostic tools used to assess amniotic fluid levels, complications that can arise, and the latest treatment options available. This video will help you understand how oligohydramnios is managed to reduce risks and improve outcomes during pregnancy.

#Oligohydramnios #AmnioticFluidIndex #PregnancyHealth #MaternalHealth #PrenatalCare #PregnancyComplications #LowAmnioticFluid #MedicalEducation #ExpectingMoms #PregnancyCare

1. OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS

2. INTRODUCTION

* Definition: Oligohydramnios is a condition characterized by a deficiency of
amniotic fluid during pregnancy.

* Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI): Defined as an AFI < 5 cm or the absence of a visible
pocket of amniotic fluid measuring at least 2X2 cm.

+ Incidence: Occurs in approximately 1-5% of pregnancies, more common in the
third trimester.

3. SES

5-25cm

<5cm

>25cm

Normal AFI

Oligohydramnios
(Low Fluid)

Polyhydramnios
(High Fluid)

Normal pregnancy

Placental
insufficiency,
premature rupture of
membranes,
dehydration, kidney
problems in the baby,
intrauterine growth
restriction (IUGR)

Gestational diabetes,
multiple pregnancies,
fetal anomalies (e.g.,
gastrointestinal
obstructions, neural
tube defects)

No immediate action
needed. Routine
monitoring.

Extra hydration for
the mother, additional
monitoring (e.g., non-
stress test,
biophysical profile),
early delivery if
needed.

Monitoring of
maternal and fetal
health, possible
amnioreduction,
managing underlying
conditions (e.g.,
controlling blood
sugar for diabetes).

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4. CAUSES

+ Maternal Factors:
+ Hypertension (chronic or gestational)
Preeclampsia
+ Uteroplacental insufficiency
+ Dehydration

+ Fetal Factors:
+ Congenital anomalies (e.g., renal agenesis, posterior urethral valves)
+ Intrauterine growth restriction (UGR)
+ Post-term pregnancy (>42 weeks gestation)

+ Others:
- Premature rupture of membranes (PROM)
+ Certain medications (e.g., ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs)
+ Placental abruption
+ Idiopathic causes

5. CLINICAL FEATURES

+ Symptoms:

+ Decreased fetal movements (perceived by the mother)

+ Smaller-than-expected uterine size for gestational age
Signs:

+ Reduced amniotic fluid detected on ultrasound

+ Fetal distress in severe cases

+ Oligohydramnios sequence (Potter's facies, limb deformities)

7. DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS

» Ultrasound Findings:
+ AFI <5 cm or Maximum Vertical Pocket < 2 cm

+ Detailed fetal anatomy scan to rule out congenital anomalies
» Assessment of placental function

+ Associated Tests:
+ Non-stress test (NST): Monitoring fetal heart rate in response to movements
+ Biophysical profile (BPP): Combination of ultrasound and NST
+ Doppler studies of umbilical artery

8. e)

‘Amniotic fluid index

PA at RS a

1424344 = AFI

9. COMPLICATIONS

+ Fetal:
+ Pulmonary hypoplasia
+ Growth restriction
Stillbirth
Premature birth
+ Maternal:
Increased operative delivery risk (e.g., caesarean section)
+ Prolonged labour
Psychological distress due to complications

10. MANAGEMENT

+ Mild Cases:
+ Increased maternal hydration (oral and intravenous fluids)
+ Bed rest and monitoring
+ Serial ultrasounds for ongoing assessment

+ Severe Cases:
+ Aranioinfusion during labour to relieve cord compression
+ Corticosteroids for fetal lung maturity if preterm delivery is anticipated
+ Early delivery if warranted, balancing fetal maturity and maternal health

11. COMPETITIVE EXAM QUESTIONS

1.MCQ: What is the AFI threshold for diagnosing oligohydramnios?
1.a)<8cm
2. b)<7cm
3. c)<6cm
4. d) <5 cm (Correct Answer: d)

2.MCQ:Which of the following is a common cause of oligohydramnios?
1. a) Diabetes mellitus
. b) Renal agenesis (Correct Answer: b)
c) Hyperthyroidism
. d) Maternal anaemia

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12. What is the role of amnioinfusion in oligohydramnios?

1. a) To induce labour

2. b) To increase AFI during pregnancy

3. Cc) To reduce umbilical cord compression during labor (Correct Answer: c)

Short Answer: List four maternal causes of oligohydramnios.

Short Answer: Explain the significance of Doppler studies in oligohydramnios
management.

True/False: Oligohydramnios is associated with an increased risk of fetal
distress during labour. (Correct Answer: True)

Case Study: A 28-year-old woman at 34 weeks gestation presents with reduced
fetal movements. AFI is 3 cm. Discuss the management plan.

13. 8. MCQ:Which fetal anomaly is least likely to be associated with oligohydramnios?
1. a) Posterior urethral valves
2. b) Anencephaly (Correct Answer: b)
3. c) Renal agenesis
4. d) Polycystic kidney disease
9.MCQ: What is the most common complication of PROM leading to
oligohydramnios?
1. a) Fetal macrosomia
2. b) Chorioamnionitis (Correct Answer: b)
3. c) Preterm labour
4. d) Placental abruption

10.Essay: Discuss the pathophysiology, clinical features, and management of
oligohydramnios in detail.

14. SUMMARY

+ Oligohydramnios is a critical obstetric condition requiring timely diagnosis and
management.

+ Key exam focus: Causes, diagnostic criteria, complications, and management
protocols.

» Highlighted topics include AFI thresholds, diagnostic tools, and management
strategies.

15. REFERENCES

» Textbooks: Williams Obstetrics, Current Diagnosis € Treatment: Obstetrics and
Gynaecology

» Research Articles: Studies from PubMed on oligohydramnios etiology and
outcomes

» Guidelines: WHO recommendations, ACOG guidelines

Thank You