OMOTOSHO TAIWO ZAINAB_063257.pptx anaemia

It describes anaemia

1. A SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON ANAEMIA: CAUSES AND TREATMENT BY: ZAINAB TAIWO OMOTOSHO MATRIC NUMBER: 20/60/0046

2. INTRODUCTION Anaemia   is a  blood disorder in which the  blood has a reduced ability to carry  oxygen. This can be due to a lower than normal number of  red blood cells, a reduction in the amount of  haemoglobin  available for oxygen transport, or abnormalities in haemoglobin that impair its function. When anaemia comes on slowly, the symptoms are often vague, such as  tiredness,   weakness,   shortness of blood,   headaches, and a  reduced ability to exercise. Anaemia is the most common blood disorder, affecting about a fifth to a third of the global population.  Iron-deficiency anaemia  is the most common cause of anemia worldwide, and affects nearly one billion people .

3. PICTORIAL ILLUSTRATION OF ANAEMIA

4. SYMPTOMS OF ANAEMIA

5. CAUSES OF ANAEMIA The causes of anaemia may be classified as: impaired red blood cell (RBC) production, increased RBC destruction ( hemolyticanemia ), blood loss and fluid overload ( hypervolemia ). The most common cause of anaemia is blood loss, but this usually does not cause any lasting symptoms unless a relatively impaired RBC production develops, in turn, most commonly by iron deficiency.

6. ANAEMIA DIAGNOSIS A complete blood count (CBC) test will measure the red blood cells, hemoglobin , and other parts of the blood. The doctor ask about the family history and also the medical history. Some tests such as; Blood smear or differential to count the white blood cells, check the shape of the red blood cells, and look for unusual cells Reticulocyte count to check for immature red blood cells

7. TREATMENT OF ANAEMIA Treatment for anaemia depends on cause and severity . Below are some medications for the treatment of anaemia: Oral iron Injectable iron Blood transfusions Vitamin B 12  intramuscular injections Erythropoiesis -stimulating agents Hyperbaric oxygen Dietary changes

8. CONCLUSION Anaemia occurs when a low number of RBCs are circulating in the body. This reduces the person’s oxygen levels and can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, pale skin, chest pain, and breathlessness . Common causes are blood loss, reduced or impaired RBC production, and the destruction of RBCs. A doctor can use a CBC test to help detect anaemia. Treatment varies depending on the type, but it may include dietary changes, supplements, medications, blood transfusions, and bone marrow transplants.

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