Operant conditioning

Operant conditioning

1. Operant Conditioning Presenting By : Mariwan Esmahel

2. outlines What is operant conditioning? Thorndike’s law of effect Stimulus Response(S-R) Thorndike’s Experiment Skinner’s Operant conditioning Reinforcement and Punishment Reinforcement and Punishment Types Generalization, Discrimination, Extinction Two questions??????????

3. Operant Conditioning Thorndike Skinner

4. Thorndike's law of effect He states that behaviors followed by positive outcomes are strengthened and that behaviors followed by negative outcomes are weakened.

5. Stimulus-Response (S-R) According to Thorndike, the correct S-R association strengthens, and the incorrect association weakens, because of consequences of the organism’s actions. Thorndike’s view is called S-R theory , Why?

6. Thorndike’s Experiment

7. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Consequences, rewards or punishments – are contingent on the organism’s behavior, How?

8. Reinforcement and punishment Reinforcement(reward): is a consequence that increases the probability that a behavior will occur. Punishment: is a consequence that decreases the probability a behavior will occur. What is positive and negative( punishment and reinforcement)?

9. Reinforcement and punishment types

10. Generalization, Discrimination and Extinction Generalization : means giving the same response to similar stimuli. Discrimination : refers to differentiate among stimuli or environmental events. Extinction : occurs when a previously reinforced response is no longer reinforced and the response decreases.

11. How much Skinner’s Operant Conditioning approach is useful in Teaching and Learning process? What are the differences between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?