Operating System-Types-Examples-Advantages & disadvantages

This presentation will give brief and basic knowledge about the operating system.
Types of operating systems are included in this ppt, too.
Types of the operating system are explained with the help of examples.
In this ppt, you will get to know about the advantages and disadvantages of types of operating systems.
Go through this ppt to get a crystal clear concept of the operating system.

1. PRESENTATION OF ICT Presented by : OPTOM Nimra Murtaza TOPIC: OPERATING SYSTEM TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

2. “OPERATING SYSTEM” An operating system is a program that acts as a link between the user and the computer system. The presence of an OS is very important as without it other programs can’t run. Thus, it manages the resources on a system and they cannot function when the OS is absent. It has existed since the first generation of computers and has been evolving with time. Learn about various types of the operating system.

3. “TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM” 1 . Batch Operating System 2. Time-Sharing Operating System 3. Distributed Operating System 4. Network Operating System 5. Real-Time Operating System

4. 1 . Batch Operating System In this type of operating system, users didn’t interact with the OS directly. Jobs were prepared on an offline device such as a punch card and were then submitted to the computer operator. To speed up processing, the users left their programs with the operator. This operator took the jobs with similar requirements and grouped them into batches and then ran them as a group.

5. Examples of Batch Processing Operating System: Payroll System Bank Invoice System Transactions Process Daily Report Research Segment Billing System

6. Advantages of Batch Operating System: The time required for a job to complete is predictable as the jobs are in a queue. Multiple jobs can share the systems. Reduced idle time. It is easy to process and manage a large workload. Disadvantages of Batch Operating System: Zero interaction between the user and the system. Debugging is harder as the operator needs to be thorough with the batch systems which is difficult. It is costly. If one job fails, the OS puts the other jobs on a stand-by for an unknown time period. CPU is often left idle during processing as the speed of the mechanical I/O devices is slower as compared to the CPU.

7. 2. Time-Sharing Operating System (Multitasking Operating System) In this type of Operating System, the user directly gives instructions to an OS, and the OS executes multiple tasks at a time. The computer memory stores these programs and they share a single processor. The tasks switch rapidly from one to another giving immediate response to the user(s). It is an interactive system at a reasonable price. It uses the concept of CPU scheduling and multiprogramming so that the time of the CPU is divided equally among the tasks. This allows all the tasks to work smoothly. As the interactive I/O is slower as compared to the CPU, this OS also increases CPU utilization as there is always a spare job to execute. This OS focuses on decreasing the response time of a task. The time taken to execute a single task is called quantum. Once this time interval is over the OS switches to the next task.

8. Examples of Multiprocessor Operating System: Windows NT, Solaris, Digital UNIX, OS/2 & Linux SunOS Version 4, IOS Other Examples are: Intel Nehalem – Beckton, Westmere, Sandy Bridge AMD Opteron – K10 (Barcelona, Magny Cours); Bulldozer ARM Cortex A9, A15 MP Core Oracle (Sun) UltraSpare T1, T2, T3, T4 (Niagara)

9. Advantages of Multitasking Operating System: Each program receives equal time to use the CPU. Software duplication is difficult. CPU is no longer left idle. Disadvantages of Multitasking Operating System: Due to multiple sharing, it is unreliable. Data integrity and security are threatened. Data communication is difficult.

10. 3. Distributed Operating System: In this type of operating system, multiple CPUs are used to serve multiple processes and users. All the computers have their own memory unit and CPU, and are interconnected and communicate with each other over a shared communication network. The processors differ in size and function and remote access is enabled within the devices connected to a network. The job of data processing is distributed among various processors which makes the jobs more efficient.

11. Distributed Operating System Examples: LOCUS MICROS IRIX DYNIX AIX Solaris Mach OSF/1

12. Advantages of Distributed Operating System: If one system collapses the others are not affected by it as they are independent of each other. Increased data exchange speed and reduced load on the host computer. Computation is highly fast and durable due to shared resources. It is easily scalable due to the attachment of multiple systems. Reduced delay in the data processing. Disadvantages of Distributed Operating System: A single system failure might not affect the entire communication but the failure of the main network can crash it. Languages used to establish distributed operating systems are not well established. It is not readily available as it is very expensive and complex.

13. 4. Network Operating System: This OS runs on a server allowing it to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions. It allows shared access of files, printers, security, applications, and other networking functions over a small private network or a LAN. Users are well aware of its underlying configuration, making it a tightly coupled system.

14. Examples of Networking Operating System: Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Microsoft Windows 2000 Microsoft Windows XP Artisoft’s LANtastic Novell NetWare Banyan VINES Sun Solaris AppleShare Mac OS X Linux UNIX

15. Advantages of Network Operating System: It has stable and centralized servers that can handle security concerns well. Integration of new technologies and hardware up-gradation is easier. Remote server access is possible. Disadvantages of Network Operating System: High cost of servers. Most operations could only be performed through a central location. It requires regular maintenance and updating.

16. 5. Real-Time Operating System: In this type of operating system, the time required to process and respond to inputs is very small. This time taken by the system to respond to an input and display the response is known as response time. This is often used when there are rigid time requirements or in control devices. This has defined time constraints for the system to run smoothly. There are two types of Real-Time Operating systems: a. Hard Real-Time Systems:  Have highly strict time constraints to make sure that critical tasks are completed on time. There is limited secondary storage and the data is often stored in ROM with no virtual memory. b. Soft Real-Time Systems:  They have a less strict time constraint and critical tasks are given priority above others until they are completed and have limited utility.

17. Examples of Real Time Operating System: Automobile Sector such as Anti-Lock Brake and Air Bag. For military as a Defense system such as RADAR. Use in Stock Exchange for updating all current information. Scientific experiments for Nuclear reactors

18. Advantages of Real-Time Operating System: More output from resources is received due to the maximum utilization of devices and systems. Less time is required for task shifting. It focuses more on running applications. Due to the small size of programs, they can be used in embedded systems. It is error-free. The best management of memory allocation. Disadvantages of Real-Time Operating System: Very few tasks run at the same time in order to avoid errors. The system resources are usually very expensive. Complex algorithms that are difficult to write on. It needs specific interrupts signals and device drivers to respond earliest to interrupts. Thread priority can’t be set as these systems don’t usually switch tasks.