Optical fiber communiction

An optical fiber is a hair thin cylindrical fiber of glass or any transparent dielectric medium.
The fiber which are used for optical communication are wave guides made of transparent dielectrics.
Its function is to guide visible and infrared light over long distances.
Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber. The light forms anelectromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. 

Optical fiber is used by many telecommunications companies to transmit telephone signals, Internet communication, and cable television signals.
The process of communicating using fiber-optics involves the following basic steps: Creating the optical signal involving the use of a transmitter, relaying the signal along the fiber, ensuring that the signal does not become too distorted or weak, receiving the optical signal, and converting it into an electrical signal.
Optical cable: It serves as transmission medium.
Optical detector: It is responsible for optical to electrical conversion of data and hence responsible for demodulation of the optical carrier. It may be a photodiodes, phototransistor, and photoconductors.
Electrical receiver: It is used for electrical interfacing at the receiver end of the optical link and to perform the signal processing electrically.
Destination: It is the final point at which we receive the information in the form of electrical signal.
Applications -In telecommunication field
In space applications
Broadband applications
Computer applications industrial applications
Mining applications
In medical applications
In military applications etc.

1. Presented By : ARAVIND SHAJI O p t i c a l F i b e r c o m m u n i c a t i o n

2. CONTENTS H Introduction H What are Optical Fibers? H Structure of optical fiber H Workings principle of optical fiber H Optical fiber communication H Optical fiber communication system H Advantages / Disadvantages of Optical fiber H Applications of Optical fiber H Conclusion

3. What is optical Fiber? An optical fiber is a hair thin cylindrical fiber of glass or any transparent dielectric medium. The fiber which are used for optical communication are wave guides made of transparent dielectrics. Its function is to guide visible and infrared light over long distances.

4. Structure of optical fiber Buffer Coating

5. Core – central tube of very thin size made up of optically transparent dielectric medium and carries the light form transmitter to receiver. The core diameter can vary from about 5um to 100 um. Cladding – outer optical material surrounding the core having reflecting index lower than core. It helps to keep the light within the core throughout the phenomena of total internal reflection. Buffer Coating – plastic coating that protects the fiber made of silicon rubber. The typical diameter of fiber after coating is 250-300 um.

6. Working principle Total Internal Reflection When a ray of light travels from a denser to a rarer medium such that the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, the ray reflects back into the same medium this phenomena is called total internal reflection . In the optical fiber the rays undergo repeated total number of reflections until it emerges out of the other end of the fiber, even if the fiber is bent.

7. Total internal reflection in optical fiber

8. Optical Fiber Communication Fiber-optic communication  is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber. The light forms anelectromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information.  Optical fiber is used by many telecommunications companies to transmit telephone signals, Internet communication, and cable television signals.

9. The process of communicating using fiber-optics involves the following basic steps: Creating the optical signal involving the use of a transmitter, relaying the signal along the fiber, ensuring that the signal does not become too distorted or weak, receiving the optical signal, and converting it into an electrical signal.

10. Optical Fiber Communication System Information Source Electrical Source Optical Source Optical fiber cable Optical detector Electrical receive Destination

11. Information source- it provides an electrical signal to a transmitter comprising an electrical stage. Electrical transmitter- It drives an optical source to give an modulation of the light wave carrier. Optical source- It provides the electrical-optical conversion .It may be a semiconductor laser or an LED.

12. Optical cable: It serves as transmission medium. Optical detector: It is responsible for optical to electrical conversion of data and hence responsible for demodulation of the optical carrier. It may be a photodiodes, phototransistor, and photoconductors.

13. Electrical receiver: It is used for electrical interfacing at the receiver end of the optical link and to perform the signal processing electrically. Destination: It is the final point at which we receive the information in the form of electrical signal.

14. Applications In telecommunication field In space applications Broadband applications Computer applications industrial applications Mining applications In medical applications In military applications etc. Optical fiber have wider range of application in almost all field, some are been specified below

15. Optical fiber have wider range of application in almost all field, i.e. in medical, electronics, military etc .some are been specified below Medical Military Electronics IBM microprocessors

16. The Endoscope One for light, to illuminate the inside of the patient One for a camera to send the images back to the doctor. Key Hole S urgery There are two optical fibres

17. AdvantageS The life of fiber is longer than copper wire Handling and installation costs of optical fiber is very nominal It is unaffected with electromagnetic interference Attenuation in optical fiber is lower than coaxial cable or twisted pair. There is no necessity of additional equipment for protecting against grounding and voltage problems. As it does not radiates energy any antenna or detector cannot detects it hence provides signal security

18. DisadvantageS Highly skilled staff would be required for maintenance Only point to point working is possible on optical fiber Precise and costly instruments would be required Costly if under utilized. Accept unipolar codes only. Jointing of fiber and splicing is also time consuming.

19. Conclusion This concludes our study of optical fiber communications have looked at how they work and how they are made. We have examined the properties of fibers, and how fibers are joined together. Although this presentation does not cover all the aspects of optical fiber work it will have equipped you knowledge and skills essential to the fiber optic industry.

20. THANK YOU