Optical Immunoassay.pptx

#Immunoassay #OIA #opticalimmunoassay

1. OPTICAL IMMUNOASSAY Presented By Name – Kedarnath Behera Reg No – 23MPH010 M. Pharm 1 st Sem Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis Institute of Pharmacy and Technology Salipur, Cuttack

2. AGENDA Introduction to Immunoassay Optical Immunoassay Principles of Optical Immunoassay Types of Optical Immunoassay Applications Advantages and Disadvantages Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION Immunoassay are bioanalytical method in which the quantitation of the analyte depends on the reaction of an antigen (analyte) and an antibody. Types of Immunoassay - Enzyme immunoassay Fluoro immunoassay Luminescence immunoassay Optical immunoassay Radio immunoassay

4. Optical Immunoassay Optical immunoassay is based on the interaction of antigen-antibody complexes on inert surfaces. Specific binding of antibody increases the thickness of the reactants on the surface and changes the colour of light reflected from the surface. ANTIGEN An antigen is a substance that triggers the immune system to produce antibodies against it. Antigens can be molecules from pathogens like bacteria, viruses, or fungi, as well as non-infectious substances such as toxins, allergens, or cells from transplanted organs. ANTIBODY An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin, is a protein produced by the immune system in response to the presence of antigens. Antibodies bind to specific antigens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells or neutralizing their harmful effects. They are crucial in the body’s defence against pathogens and foreign substances.

5. A sensitive and specific optical immunoassay (OIA) has been developed for snake venom detection. The assay is based on the principle of detection of physical changes in thickness of molecular thin film resulting from specific binding events on an optical silicon chip (SILASTM-1, ThermoBioStar, Colorado, USA). The reflection of white light through the thin film results in destructive interference of a particular wavelength of the light from gold to purple-blue depending on the thickness of the thin film formed or the amount of venom in the test sample.

6. Principles of Optical Immunoassays Antibody-Antigen Binding. Signal Detection using Light-Based Techniques (Fluorescence, Luminescence, Absorbance). Types of Optical Immunoassays- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Fluorescence Immunoassays Chemiluminescence Immunoassays Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Other Optical Detection Methods

7. APPLICATIONS Clinical Diagnostics (Disease Biomarkers, Pathogen Detection). Pharmaceutical Development (Drug Discovery, Therapeutic Monitoring). Environmental Monitoring and Food Safety. For snake toxin and venom detection. Detection of Streptococcal Pharyngitis.

8. Advantages of Optical Immunoassays- High Sensitivity and Specificity Rapid Results Automation and High Throughput Limitations and Challenges- Cross-reactivity Sensitivity to Environmental Conditions Cost and Equipment Requirements

9. CONCLUSION Immunoassays are bioanalytical methods have been widely used in many important areas of pharmaceutical analysis such as diagnosis of diseases, therapeutic drug monitoring, clinical pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies in drug discovery and pharmaceutical industries. The importance and widespread of immunoassay methods in pharmaceutical analysis are attributed to their inherent specificity, high- throughput, and high sensitivity for the analysis of wide range of analytes in biological samples.

10. REFERENCES 1. Le Van Dong, Khoo Hoon Eng, Le Khac Quyen, P Gopalakrishnakone , Optical immunoassay for snake venom detection, Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 19, Issue 10,2004, Pages 1285-1294, ISSN 0956-5663, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2003.11.020 . 2. John F. Place, Ranald M. Sutherland, Claus Dähne , Opto-electronic immunosensors: A review of optical immunoassay at continuous surfaces, Biosensors, Volume 1, Issue 4, 1985, Pages 321-353, ISSN 0265-928X, https://doi.org/10.1016/0265-928X(85)80004-3 . 3. Darwish, Ibrahim A. “Immunoassay Methods and their Applications in Pharmaceutical Analysis: Basic Methodology and Recent Advances.” International journal of biomedical science : IJBS vol. 2,3 (2006): 217-35.