Organ systems of the body and their functions

Human Physiology

1. ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE
BODY AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
Dr. R. Mallika
Associate professor
Department of Biochemistry
V.V.Vanniaperumal College for Women
Virudhunagar.

2. If you get excited, the nervous system
works with the circulatory system by
increasing your heart rate.
2

3. AIDS destroys the Immune System
As a result you may get:
1.pneumonia (respiratory ),
2.yeast infection (reproductive ),
3.Candida affecting esophagus
(digestive)
4.Kaposi’s sarcoma (integumentary).
3

4. How does the body get the systems to work together?
To answer this question, we need to recall the
organizational structure of multicellular organisms.
4

5. Levels Of Organization
ATOM
S
CEL
LS
TISSU
ES
ORGAN
S
ORGAN
SYSTEM
ORGANIS
M
5

6. The Human Body has 4 Main Types of
Tissues
6

7. A group of tissues that work
together to perform closely
related functions.
7

8. A group of organs that work together
to perform a single function
.
8

9. There are 11 organ systems in the human body
1. Integumentary System
2. Skeletal System
3. Muscular System
4. Nervous System
5. Endocrine System
6. Cardiovascular System
7. Lymphatic & Immune System
8. Respiratory System
9. Digestive System
10. Urinary System
11. Reproductive System 9

10. Skeletal
•Major Organs:
Bones
•Function:
Provides structure; supports and protects
internal organs
•Connections to other Systems:
Muscular System, Nervous System, Circulatory
System

11. Muscular
•Major Organs:
Muscles (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth)
•Function: Provides structure; supports
and moves trunk and limbs
•Connection to other Systems:
Skeletal System, Circulatory System, &
Nervous System.

12. Circulatory/Cardiovascular
•Major Organs:
Heart, blood vessels, blood
•Function: Transport nutrients and
wastes to and from all body tissues
•Connection to other Systems:
ALL other body systems!

13. Circulatory/Cardiovascular
•Path of Blood:
•Heart to the body to the
heart to lungs

14. Respiratory
•Major Organs:
Air passages, lungs
•Function:
Carries air into and out of lungs, where gases
(oxygen and carbon dioxide)
•Connection to other Systems:
ALL because it supplies the body with oxygen
and takes out carbon dioxide

15. Respiratory
•Exchange of Gases:
•Oxygen (O2)IN
•Carbon Dioxide (CO2) OUT

16. Immune
•Major Organs:
Lymph nodes and vessels, white blood cells
•Function: Provides protection against
infection and disease
•Connection to other Systems:
Circulatory System, Digestive System,
Urinary/Excretory System & Nervous System.

17. Digestive
•Major Organs:
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas,
small and large intestines
•Function: Stores and digests food; absorbs
nutrients; eliminates wastes
•Connection to other Systems:
Circulatory System, Excretory System &
Nervous System.

18. Digestive
•Path of Food:
•MOUTH
•ESOUAGHUS
•STOMACH
•SMALL INTESTINE
•LARGER INTESTINE
•ANUS

19. Urinary/Excretory
•Major Organs:
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, skin,
lungs
•Function:
Eliminates waste; maintains water and
chemical balance

20. Nervous
•Major Organs:
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs, receptors
•Function:
Controls and coordinates body movements and
senses; controls consciousness and creativity;
helps monitor and maintain other body systems
•Connection to other Systems:
ALL other body systems because it send electrical
signals which control their functions.

21. Endocrine
•Major Organs:
Glands (such as adrenal, thyroid, and
pancreas), hypothalamus
•Function:
Maintains homeostasis; regulates metabolism,
water and mineral balance, growth and
sexual development, and reproduction
Connection to other Systems:
ALL other body systems because it supplies
the hormonesthat help them function.

22. 22
Gland HormoneProducedEffects
Hypothalamus Antidiuretic hormoneActson the kidney to
regulate fluid balance
Pituitary 9 different hormonesGrowth and regulates
otherglands
Thyroid Thyroxine Metabolism
Pancreas Insulin &glucagon Blood sugar
Adrenal Epinephrine Heart rate & blood
pressure
Testes Testosterone Sperm & male
characteristics
Ovaries Estrogen & progesteroneEggs & female
characteristics

23. Reproductive
•Major Organs:
Ovaries, uterus, mammaryglands (females),
testes (males)
•Function:
Produces offspring
•Connection to other Systems:
Nervous System, Circulatory System, &
Endocrine System,

24. Your Skin has many important functions:
•Covers body and prevents water loss.
•Protects body from injury and infection.
•Helps regulate body temperature.
•Eliminate wastes
•Gathers information about the environment
•Produce vitamin D
24

25. •Skin
•Hair
•Nails
25

26. •It’s role is to protect
you from foreign
invaders.
Special cells react to each
kind of pathogen with
defensive tactics targeted
specifically at that type of
pathogen.
•A pathogen is a
bacterium, virus, or other
microorganism that can
cause disease.
26

27. •White blood cells that target specific
pathogens are called lymphocytes.
•T-cells and B-cells are two major types of
lymphocytes. Each type has a specific job.
T-Cells
B-Cells
27

28. •Antibodies are special proteins that
recognize and defeat invading
pathogens.
•Antibodies are made by the B -cells.
•Once a pathogen is encountered by
the B-cells it memorizes it and next
time it encounters the pathogen it
will have antibodies ready to fight
the pathogen. 28

29. An antigen is any substance that when
introduced into the body stimulates the
production of an antibody immune
response.
Antigens include:
Toxins
Bacteria
Foreign blood cells
Cells of transplanted organs.
29

30. •Immunity is a state in which the body has
sufficient defenses to fight infection, disease or
invasion by pathogens.
•Non-Specific Immunity refers to the
defenses that are in place at all times and are
not specific to the pathogen to which the
system is responding.
•Skin, mucous membranes, hairs in nose and
ears, enzymes in mouth and tears in eyes.
30

31. Specific Immunity is a specific antibody
response to the pathogen and has been acquired
in one of several ways.
•Antibodies were transferred from mother to
fetus across the placenta.
•Antibodies were transferred through breast
milk from mother to child.
•Antibodies were built up due to prior exposure
to the pathogen.
•Antibodies were be built up through a
vaccination process.
31

32. •Most vaccines contain a little bit of a disease germ that
is weak or dead. Vaccines do NOT contain the type of
germ that makes you sick.
•Having this little bit of the germ inside your body
makes your body's immune system build antibodies
to it.
•Vaccines can be administered by a needle, mouth and
some thorough a nasal spray.
•In the US children are vaccinated before they can
enter school for: Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Pertussis,
Hepatitis B, Diphtheria, and Tetanus
32

33. The lymphatic system is an
extensive drainage
network that helps keep
bodily fluid levels in
balance and defends the
body against infections.
It filters out organisms
that cause disease,
produces certain white
blood cells and generates
antibodies
33

34. •It is made up of a network of lymphatic
vessels that carry lymph —a clear, watery
fluid that contains protein molecules, salts,
glucose, urea, and other substances —
throughout the body.
•It works closely with the immune system and
the circulatory system.
•The Spleen stores many of the white blood
cells needed for the immune response.
34