organochlorines, endrines, pyrethrines.pptx

This presentation gives an idea about organochlorides and it's poisoning effects, signs and symptoms and treatment. Organochlorides is very important topic in forensic medicine. This presentation will give an idea on the medico legal aspects of these compounds. Based on forensic medicine.

1. ORGANOCHLORINES Forensic Medicine

2. Organochlorines They are chlorinated hydrocarbons Not considered in the group of first line Insecticide

3. Properties Remains persistent in the environment Bio concentration in food grains Carcinogenicity and cumulative toxicity in the food grains Lipophilic and accumulate in the adipose tissue

4. Popular compounds Chlorobenzene derivatives : DDT, Methoxychlor BHC, Lindane Indane derivative : Endrin , Dieldrin , Aldrin, Heptachlor, Chlordane, Endosulfan Chlorinated camphenes : Toxaphene and Strobane

5. ENDRINE Polychlorinated hydrocarbon Indane derivative Plant penicillin Aromax – smells like kerosene 3 times toxic than Aldrin 15 times toxic than DDT

6. Absorption, Fate and Excretion Absorbed through all routes Deposited in body fat, liver, kidney Elimination – slow (months years)

7. Action Interferes with the nerve impulse transmission Acts on the cerebellum and motor cortex First stimulate then depress the CNS Interfere with Sodium conductance across the axon and causes HYPEREXCITABILITY. Alters the metabolism of serotonin, nor-epinephrine and acetyl choline.

8. Acute poisoning Absorbed from intact skin and by inhalation and ingestion. Symptoms start usually within 15 minutes after the ingestion.

9. Signs and Symptoms GIT : Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain RS : Cough, dyspnoea and hoarseness of voice CNS : Headache, Giddiness, inco -ordination, dilatation of pupil, tremor Followed by » coma » convulsions » death

10. Fatal dose and Fatal period FD : 5-6 gm FP : 12-24 hrs Higher dose → 2 Hrs

11. Treatment Remove person from source of exposure, Wash body Gastric lavage Activated charcoal Air way maintained – oxygen 5% Dextrose Saline Calcium gluconate Diazepam Cholestyramine

12. Post-mortem Appearance Froth at the Mouth Congested eyes Trachea and bronchi – Froth Lungs – edematous and congested Stomach – contains poison kerosene smell Brain

13. Circumstances of poisoning Suicidal Accidental

14. Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids Extracts of Flowers of plant Chrysanthemum Less toxic Insect repellent and Pesticides Pyrethroids are synthetic analogues of Pyrethrins

15. Usual Pyrethrins Pyrethrum D- Allethrin Fenvalerate Lambda syhalothrin Allethrin Permethrin Sypermethrin

16. Fatal Dose 1 gm/kg weight

17. Action Prolong the inactivation of sodium channel by binding with it

18. Signs and Symptoms Inhalation → Rhinorrhea , sore throat, wheezing, dyspnea Ingestion → Nausea, vomiting, vertigo, fasciculation, hyperthermia, convulsions, coma, pulmonary edema Skin → Irritation

19. Treatment Stomach wash Activated charcoal Skin should be washed with soap and water Intravenous infusion of glucose saline Air way should be maintained Oxygen provided in case of breathlessness

20. Reference Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology by Dr. P C Ignatius

21. Thank you