Ornamental musa

ornamental plants in musa genus

1. O rnamental musa

2. Family : Musaceae Origin : south east Asia valued for their beautiful foliage or coloured inflorescence and small inedible fruits full of seeds typically suited for humid tropical climate prevailing in Kerala Need only less management Can be grown with minimum inputs

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4. Musaceae Musa Eumusa (2n=22) Australimusa (2n=20) Callimusa (2n=20) Rhodochlamys (2n=22) Incertaesedis (2n=14,18) Musella (2n=2x=18) Ensete (2n=2x=18)

5. Section - Rhodochlamys Most of the  s pecies in this section are best known for their brightly colour bracts on erect inflorescence

6. Musa velutina

7. Musa velutina ‘Pink velvet banana’ found growing wild in the sub-tropical evergreen forests of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam in India The name “ velutina ” was derived from the hairy, velvety nature of the beautiful pink skinned fruits On maturity the fruit peel splits and separates into irregular strips from apex to base, revealing a central mass of white flesh, filled with black seeds  Fruit splits on maturity.

8. Musa aurantiaca

9. Musa aurantiaca One of the most elegant members of  Rhodochlamys   with bright orange colour buds Found mostly in higher altitudes regions of Arunachal Pradesh in India Plant grows in clumps of 10-12 with 0.8-1 m height Under undisturbed conditions it flowers freely without following the seasonal behavior Four to five buds at one place give a false appearance of forest flame.

10. Musa laterita

11. Musa laterita This species is native to North-East India, Myanmar and Northern Thailand Its cultivation is common as an ornamental plant worldwide The name “ laterita ” derives from the colour of its bracts, which resemble the brick-red tropical soil known as “ laterite ”.

12. Musa ornata

13. Musa ornata True form of this species only found in India During 19 th  century it reached to central and south America where it became naturalized This species itself is not an especially variable plant in itself but it hybridizes freely with other species As a result there are number of hybrids derived from this species in the tropical regions with lots of variability

14. Musa siamensis

15. Musa siamensis Discovered from eastern Thailand in 2002 This species is called ‘Thai Gold’ by Thai nursery people ,̒ ChekMeas ’ in Cambodia Herb to 2.7m tall Leaves mid green, leaf blades - 1.2m in length Inflorescence with pale creamy yellow - lemon yellow bracts, younger bracts pale yellow or very light green in some specimens Flowers yellow

16. Musa rosea

17. Musa rosea Originates in Cambodia The inflorescence is short and erect with red bracts This species has been recently reclassified and synonymised with  Musa ancgorensis   ( Hakkinen , 2006).

18. Musa mannii

19. Musa mannii Is native of Assam in India Also called as ‘Assam Dwarf Banana’ or ‘Indian Dwarf Banana’ The slender pseudo stems are about 60-80 cm in height with profuse suckering habit The leaves are green, with a narrow purple boarder  Inflorescence is studded with large pale purplish bracts and shorter yellow male flowers

20. Musa rubra

21. Musa rubra This species is known as ‘Red dwarf banana’ This beautiful dwarf species is native to China, India, Burma and Thailand It has wide leaves, reddish stems and stunning red flowers It is closely related to  Musa laterita  and easily grown in tropical and warm temperate regions.

22. Section  Callimusa Plant bears upright flower stalk with variously coloured buds, flowers along with the seeded fruit

23. Musa Coccinea

24. Musa Coccinea It is also called as scarlet banana or red ornamental banana or red tourch banana Plant bears inflorescence with more rounded and clustered bracts of bright orange to scarlet colour Plants are dwarf less than 4 feet in height with profuse suckers This species is highly suitable for container gardening as well as for screening purpose as backdrop planting in the gardens.

25. Musa beccarii  

26. Musa beccarii   Small banana from Borneo Plant begins to flower when it is 1 to 1.5 m height This species bears a narrow, erect, elliptical, bright scarlet bud, with green-tipped bracts

27. Musa campestris

28. Musa campestris This species is called as candy cane banana Native of Borneo and Malayan regions This species bears large purple flowers followed by white coloured fruits which are striped with pink and purple strains looks like a candy cane Slender Pseudo stem with 1.5-2 m height with profuse suckering habit.

29. Musa violascens  

30. Musa violascens   A fairly short ornamental species with mauve coloured bud bracts often confused with the species  Musa ornate Distributed in Malayan regions Having slender pseudostem with 1-2m height

31. Genera Ensete (2n=18, x=9) Ensete glaucum Ensete superbum (Rock banana) Ensete perrieri Ensete homblei Ensete ventricosum   E. ventricosum   Maurrelli (Abyssinian banana)

32. Ensete glaucum Ensete superbum

33. Ensete perrieri Ensete homblei

34. E. ventricosum   Maurrelli Ensete ventricosum  

35. Genera- Musella (2n=18, x=9)  

36. CULTIVATION Climate Humid subtropical to semi-arid subtropics up to 2500 m above mean sea level temperature - 15-35°C rainfall - 500-2000 mm/year Require full sunshine

37. Temperature and wind Temperature Requirement : 26 – 28 C - shoot growth 29 – 30 C - fruit growth Growth is slowed down at 16 C and stops at 10 C If temperature falls below 10 C – chilling injury Wind speed above 25 mph and 45 mph may cause the tall and short cultivars to topple

38. Soil All kinds of soils having good drainage- In sandy soils, plants grow faster pH - 6.5-7.5 is optimum

39. Propagation Musa and Musella - suckers Ensete -main pseudostem of bananas is monocarpic (it dies after flowering) -next oldest sucker grows to replace it Suckers or corms , seeds ,cut rhizomes

40. Planting Pot and Pit methods Pits- 60 cm 3 - filled with a mixture of soil, sand and farmyard manure -1:1:1 Sucker or seedling is planted in the center of pit Ornamental purpose bananas - 0.6-3m apart Dwarf statured plant species can be grown in containers Repotting - once in three years

41. Use of growth regulators Paclobutrazol 0.25 mg/plant (Gaspar  et al,  1999) at end of hardening stage reduce the plant height two months after application Ancymidol (ANC) or Paclobutrazol (PBZ) in liquid culture media during multiplication stage of bananas decreases the excessive growth of stems and leaves Soil application of Paclobutrazol reduces the plant height by 25% without any adverse effect on the flowering

42. Interculturing Irrigation -1-1.5” water/week Desuckering Weed control

43. Flowering and fruiting Flowering in banana occurs after a vegetative phase of leaf growth Shoot apical meristem differentiates to an inflorescence Basal flowers – female Distal flowers – male Bracts subtend the flowers

44. By the time male flowers on inflorescence are shedding pollen , female flowers no longer receptive For seedset , synchronization of flowering required Rarely, basal flowers are functionally hermaphrodite and can be self pollinated to produce viable seeds- Musa velutina , Ensete spp

45. Diseases Fusarium wilt Sigatoka leaf spot Bacterial wilt Bunchy top Mosaic virus

46. Pests Banana weevil- Carbaryl -0.1% Burrowing nematode ( radophilus similes )- Carbofuran 3G Root-knot nematode ( meloidogyne spp )

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