Orthopedic impairment

special education

1. Orthopedic Impairment

2. The most common of physical disabilities Orthopedic Impairment

3. Any condition that interferes with a student’s ability to use his or her body. Physical Disability

4. a bodily impairment that is severe enough to negatively affect a child’s educational performance . Orthopedic Impairment

5. genetic abnormality d isease i njury birth trauma a mputation b urns other causes Causes

6. Spina bifida Diabetes Nervous system disorders Traumatic spinal cord injury Stroke Muscular Dystrophy Cerebral Palsy Other causes:

7. neuromotor impairments involve the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord, or nerves that send impulses to muscles) affect a child's ability to move, use, feel, or control certain parts of the body e.g. spina bifida, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injuries Main Categories

8. Musculoskeletal Disorders Skeletal system impairments that involve the joints, bones, limbs, and associated muscles include defects or diseases of the bones and muscles, such as limb deficiency or club-foot.

9. 3. Degenerative diseases those that affect motor movement such as muscular dystrophy .

10. Orthopedic Disorders is a cleft spine, or incomplete closure of the spinal column. It is the most common permanently disabling birth defect. Spina bifida occulta is the mildest and most common form Spina Bifida

11. Spina Bifida

12. With this type, the spinal cord develops normally, but the meninges, or protective covering, push through the opening in the vertebrae. Meningocele can be repaired surgically. M eningocele .

13. Myelomeningocele . It is the most severe form of spina bifida . The bones of the spinal cord do not completely form and the spinal canal is incomplete, resulting in the spinal cord and meninges protruding out of the child's back.

14. It is a side-to-side curvature of the spine, measured by x-ray examination as greater than 10 degrees. It makes the shoulders, hips, or both appear uneven and can cause pain in the back. Scoliosis

15. Cerebral Palsy It includes a number of chronic disorders that impair movement control. appear early in life and generally do not worsen as children age. caused by injury to parts of the brain that control the ability to use muscles. The injury can occur before birth, during delivery, or soon after birth. early signs normally appear by the time a child is 18 months of age.

16. Three main types of CP Spastic - where muscle tone is too high or too tight A thetoid or dyskinetic CP, - can affect the whole body with slow, uncontrolled movements and low muscle tone M ixed CP - a combination of the symptoms from both athetoid and spastic CP. - has some muscles that are too tight and others that are too loose so that some movements are involuntary and mobility is limited in other areas by stiffness.

17. It is a group of muscle diseases that weaken the  musculoskeletal system and hamper locomotion. M uscular dystrophies are characterized by progressive skeletal muscle  weakness, defects in muscle  proteins, and the death of muscle  cells and   tissue . Muscular Dystrophy It often occurs in families with no known history of the disease. Muscle weakness, rapid progression, and difficulty with motor skills are some of the characteristics

18. Characteristics of Children with Orthopedic Impairment problems with motor skills Some students have associated speech impairments or multiple disabilities use various types of braces, prosthetic, and orthotic devices before, after, or in place of surgery. Others u se adapted wheelchairs. social interactions often are limited

19. may have pain and discomfort, may sleep poorly and therefore be fatigued in class Poor self-concept and poor self-advocacy skills, feel helpless or depressed as a result of their physical disability

20. Assessment a thorough medical evaluation of the child's orthopedic impairment by a licensed physician. documentation of observations and assessments various checklists, inventories, rating scales, and interviews

21. Team Approach in Assessment a parent and at least one of the child's general education classroom teacher/s. The team that assesses a child with an orthopedic impairment must involve: a licensed special education teacher, school counselor and/or psychologist a licensed physician, and other profession personnel as appropriate.

22. Educational Provisions and Programs The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) was reauthorized in 1997 and 2004 and includes provisions for children with orthopedic impairments Provisions:

23. T he Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which was passed in 1990, includes provisions concerning discrimination against individuals with disabilities and requirements that school facilities are accessible to all. Students with orthopedic impairments also may be eligible for accommodations for general classroom inclusion under Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act, passed in 1973.

24. Programs: I nclusion in general education classes, but some students may need services from resource rooms, special classes, schools, or residential facilities, as well as hospital or homebound programs Setting up the appropriate placement, services, and environment begins with asking the student what he or she needs and evolves through the assessment and individualized education plan (IEP) process.

25. To assist with academic tasks, a teacher might secure papers to a student's work area P rovide writing instruments that require less pressure to produce a mark, such as felt-tip pens or soft lead pencils. Specialists such as physical therapists and orthopedic therapists will be involved in the educational assessment

26. In order for the student to access the general curriculum, the student may require these accommodations: Special seating arrangements to develop useful posture and movements Instruction focused on development of gross and fine motor skills Securing suitable augmentative communication and other assistive devices Awareness of medical condition and its affect on the student (such as getting tired quickly)

27. M ultiple types of assistive technology may be used: Devices to access information: These assistive technology devices focus on aiding the student to access the educational material. These devices include: speech recognition software screen reading software augmentative and alternative communication devices (such as communication boards) academic software packages for students with disabilities

28. Devices for positioning and mobility: These assistive technology devices focus on helping the student participate in educational activities. These devices include: canes walkers crutches wheelchairs specialized exercise equipment specialized chairs, desks, and tables for proper posture development

29. Current Trends D ecreases in the rates of one of the common causes of orthopedic impairment, spina bifida. The implementation of campaigns to promote folic acid supplementation for women of childbearing age Parent involvement in children's learning is positively related to achievement

30. God bless us!