Orthopedics nursing-1.pptx igsxgg dhdxhd hdc

The only ordhopedic cause pain in joints and muscles the harmful effects

1. Orthopedics nursing By Muhammad suliman Nursing lecturer BTSON

2. OBJECTIVES At the end of this LECTURE we will be able to 1) describe the basic structure and function of the system 2) discuss significance of the health history to the assessment of musculoskeletal health 3) specify the diagnostic test used for assessment of musculoskeletal function.

3. Introduction Orthopedics The branch of medicine dealing with the correction of deformities of bones and muscles. Orthopedics nursing Nursing management of disorder of bone and muscle, diseases and deformities of the muscle.

4. Anatomic and physiologic review The musculoskeletal system the BONES ,JIONTS ,MUSCLE ,TENDONS, LIGAMINTS, AND BURSAES. musculoskeletal system provides protection for the vital organ, including the brain , heart and lungs.

5. Anatomic and physiologic review muscle and tendons hold the bones together and joints allow the body to move. Tendon attaches muscle to bone Ligaments attach bone to bone

6. Function of musculoskeletal system Support Bones of the legs, pelvis, and vertebral column hold up the body; the mandible supports the teeth; nearly all bones provide support for muscles; many other soft organs are directly or indirectly supported by nearby bones.

7. Protection Bones enclose and protect the Brain spinal cord Lungs Heart pelvic viscera bone marrow

8. Movement Leg and arm movements are the most obvious examples of skeletomuscular movement; a less obvious one is that ventilation of the lungs depends on movement of the ribs by skeletal muscles

9. Blood formation Red bone marrow is the major producer of blood cells, including most cells of the immune system Electrolyte balance The skeleton is the body’s main mineral reservoir. It stores calcium and phosphate and releases them according to the body’s physiological needs.

10. Types of muscle There are main three types of muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle Skeletal muscle

11. Smooth muscle Involuntary in action. Form the muscle layer in the wall of digestive tract, bladder, various ducts, arteries and veins etc. Smooth muscle cell are elongated and thin have only one nucleus and form sheets rather than bundle of muscle

12. Skeletal muscle The most abundant tissue in the body It helps in body movements Skeletal muscle is roughly cylindrical and contains many nuclei. Skeletal muscle are composite structure composed of many muscle fibers , nerve, blood vessel and connective tissues

13. Cardiac muscle Cardiac muscle also called HEART MUCLES Cardiac muscles cells are located in the wall of the heart appear striated. Cardiac muscle are involuntary in action

14. Types of bones Human body is made up of 206 bones There are four main categories of bones Long bones Short bones Flat bones Irregular bones

15. Joints type Joints join together two or more bone There are three basic types of joints Synarthrosis are immovable e.g. the skull suture Amphiarthrosis the vertebral joints and symphysis pubic Allow limited motion Diarthrosis Freely movable joints. ball and sockets joints

16. A tough fibrous sheet called the joint capsule surrounds the articulating bones The capsule is lined with a membrane called MEMBRANE SYNOVIUL membrane secrets the lubricating synovial fluids into the joints capsule Synovial fluids work as shock absorber too

17. Nursing assessment Patient history Current illness Past health history Medications Family history Social history

18. Physical assessment Posture Gait Coordination Inspecting and palpating muscle Tone and mass Joint ROM

19. Grading muscle strength GRADE DESCRIPTION NO contraction, paralysis 1 Contraction felt .but no limb movement 2 Passive ROM 3 Full ROM against gravity 4 Full ROM against some resistance 5 Full ROM against some resistance

20. Risk factor Autoimmune disorders Calcium deficiency Degenerative conditions Falls Infections Ureic acids accumulation in joints

21. Risk factors Medications Metabolic disorders Neoplastic disorders Obesity Post menopausal Trauma and injury

22. Diagnostic evaluation Imaging procedure BONE SCAN CT SCAN DEXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) SCAN MRI

23. Endoscopic studies Arthroscopy Arthrocentesis Is done to get sample of synovial fluids for examination

24. Diagnostic evaluations Laboratory studies CBC Urinalysis Blood chemistry Serum calcium Uric acid

25. Thank you